introduction: heavy ions are nucleus of elements of iron, argon, carbon and neon that all carry positive electrical charges. for these particles to be useful in radiotherapy they need to accelerated to high energy by more than thousand mega volts. also the cosmic environment is considered to be a complicated mixture of highly energetic photons and heavy ions such as iron. therefore, the health ...

Introduction: Heavy ions are nucleus of elements of iron, argon, carbon and neon that all carry positive electrical charges. For these particles to be useful in radiotherapy they need to accelerated to high energy by more than thousand mega volts. Also the cosmic environment is considered to be a complicated mixture of highly energetic photons and heavy ions such as iron. Therefore, the health ...

We study the thermalization, injection, and acceleration of ions with different mass/charge ratios, A/Z, in nonrelativistic collisionless shocks via hybrid (kinetic ions-fluid electrons) simulations. In general, ions thermalize to a postshock temperature proportional to A. When diffusive shock acceleration is efficient, ions develop a nonthermal tail whose extent scales with Z and whose normali...

A new development direction towards ultimate heavy ion beam intensities is being pursued at GSI for FAIR. So far, most of the heavy ion synchrotrons have been operated with high charge state heavy ions. In order to reach intensities of more than 10/U-ions per cycle [1, 2], SIS18 and SIS100 must be operated with intermediate charge state ions [3, 4]. Such a high intensity operation with intermed...

The acceleration of light ions (protons) through the interaction of a high-power laser pulse with a double-layer target is theoretically studied by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and a one-dimensional analytical model. It is shown that the maximum energy acquired by the accelerated light ions (protons) depends on the physical characteristics of a heavy-ion layer (electron...

Superb biological effectiveness and dose conformity represent a rationale for heavy-ion therapy, which has thus far achieved good cancer controllability while sparing critical normal organs. Immediately after irradiation, heavy ions produce dense ionization along their trajectories, cause irreparable clustered DNA damage, and alter cellular ultrastructure. These ions, as a consequence, inactiva...

The possibility of simultaneously accelerating particles with a range of charge-to-mass ratios ( approximately 20%) to the same energy is proposed and demonstrated for a superconducting linac. Uranium ions stripped in a foil with eight charge states have been accelerated through a portion of the ATLAS linac from 286 to 690 MeV, with 94% of the injected uranium in the accelerated beam. Emittance...

The radiation risk assessment for long-term space missions requires knowledge on the biological effectiveness of different space radiation components, e.g. heavy ions, on the interaction of radiation and other space environmental factors such as microgravity, and on the physical and biological dose distribution in the human body. Space experiments and ground-based experiments at heavy ion accel...

The GSI midterm project HITRAP is a planned ion trap facility for capturing and cooling of highly charged ions (HCI) produced at GSI in the heavy-ion complex of the UNILAC-SIS accelerators and the ESR storage ring. In this facility heavy highly-charged ions up to uranium will be available as bare nuclei, hydrogen-like ions or fewelectron systems at low temperatures. The trap for receiving and s...