There is growing concern that the Fistula First Initiative, KDOQI guidelines, and subsequent pressure from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services lack reasonableness regarding likely success for fistula maturation in a heterogeneous, new-onset dialysis population. Here the various positions are examined from multiple perspectives.

Two agents are like-minded when their beliefs are equal once conditioned on knowledge of both of their types. Assuming the existence of an outside observer that is commonly known to be likeminded and uninformative about the insiders, we derive the existence of a common prior among the insiders, with the outsiders beliefs (appropriately conditioned) serving as the common prior. A key advantage o...

The article discusses the requirements that are necessary to simplify text of law and increase its intelligibility. main attention is paid rules for use contextual generally accepted abbreviations, because they can significantly reduce volume law, save it unnecessary repetitions make more understandable. Examples inconsistent abbreviations by legislator given, as well examples texts in which wo...

BACKGROUND District level health system governance is recognised as an important but challenging element of health system development in low and middle-income countries. Accountability is a more recent focus in health system debates. Accountability mechanisms are governance tools that seek to regulate answerability between the health system and the community (external accountability) and/or bet...

Abstract This study investigates students’ and adults’ performance in judging reasonableness of computational results, namely reflecting on whether these results qualify as acceptable answers to mathematical tasks. Data was gathered via task-based questionnaires from 160 participants, evenly divided between fifth-graders adults. Their responses a systematically varied collection context-free co...

Background Social accountability or citizen-led accountability has been promoted in many low- and middle-income countries to improve the quality, access to and use of maternal health services. Experiences with social accountability in maternal health services in Nepal have not yet been documented. This study identifies existing social accountability structures and activities in maternal h...