BACKGROUND Acetaminophen overdose may be accompanied by electrolyte disturbances. The basis for electrolyte change appears to be due to increased fractional urinary electrolyte excretion. PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of serum acetaminophen concentration on changes in serum potassium, creatinine and urea concentrations in patients with acetaminophen overdose. METHODS This was a...

INTRAVENOUS ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL) IS SUGgested for use as an opioid-sparing analgesic for children requiring surgery or emergency care, despite limited data on its efficacy and toxicity in infants and children. In this issue of JAMA, the randomized trial by Ceelie and colleagues addresses this evidence gap by showing clinically significant reductions in morphine use among neonates or infa...

Drug-induced liver injury is an important clinical problem and a challenge for drug development. Whereas progress in understanding rare and unpredictable (idiosyncratic) drug hepatotoxicity is severely hampered by the lack of relevant animal models, enormous insight has been gained in the area of predictable hepatotoxins, in particular acetaminophen-induced liver injury, from a broad range of e...

Acetaminophen (APAP) known as paracetamol is the main ingredient in Tylenol, which has analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Inappropriate use of APAP causes major morbidity and mortality secondary to hepatic failure. Overdose of APAP depletes the hepatic glutathione (GSH) rapidly, and the metabolic intermediate leads to hepatocellular death. This article reviews the mechanisms of hepatotoxici...

Background: Using human skin-fibroblast cell line HF2FF, the efficacy of some drugs was evaluated against sulfur mustard (SM) cytotoxicity. The drugs were the sulfhydryl containing molecule including N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 2-oxo-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) and acetaminophen as glutathione (GSH) stimulator pathway. Methods: The protective effects of NAC (0.1 mM), OTC (1.8 mM), and acetami...


 Introduction: Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most widely used over-the-counter antipyretic and analgesic medicine in children. Although hepatic failure death rare paediatric population, it one of important dangerous presentation acetaminophen induced toxicity There very sparse data regarding APAP acute liver our settings, hence this study was done to know clinical demographic profiles as we...

We read with interest a recent paper by Van Summeren et al. (2011), who reported protein expression changes in HepG2 cells after exposure to various model drugs for 72 h. According to the authors, the objective of this investigation was to explore ‘‘new screening methods that address toxicological hazards early in the drug discovery process’’ and to use ‘‘proteomics techniques to gain further i...

Acetylcysteine is a familiar friend of emergency physicians, intensivists, and medical toxicologists. There are 2 broad categories of acetaminophen toxicity that receive acetylcysteine therapy: acute single overdose ingestion and repeated supratherapeutic (“chronic”) ingestion. Since the 1970s, we have used acetylcysteine to reduce liver injury and death in patients with an acute overdose inges...

Background: Acetaminophen-induced toxicity is a common cause of acute liver failure. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Eryngium bungei Boiss (EB) extract against the hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly assigned to five groups, with free access to water and food. They were treated as follows: Group 1 (negative controls): distilled water ...