conclusions results from the present study elucidated that treatment with the aqueous extract of l. citriodora leaves was well tolerated via daily ip injection at doses up to 200 mg/kg for a period of 21 days and did not produce any toxicity. the safety of l. citriodora aqueous extract was also confirmed by cell viability assay. objectives the present study evaluated the acute, subacute, and ce...

conclusions: the co-administration of saffron aqueous extract and safranal reduced toxic effects of safranal in acute and sub-acute toxicities. background: saffron and its constituents are widely used around the world as a spice and medicinal plant. different constituents in medicinal herbs are thought to have the potential to induce useful and/or adverse effects. so, efforts have been made to ...

background: the development of toxicity tests regarding toxic responses of different fish species could be more effectively used in predictive toxicology and risk assessment. in this study lethal concentrations (lc50-96 h) values of copper sulphate an important toxic industrial pollutant, on capoeta fusca were determined. behavioral changes at different concentrations of cuso4 were determined f...

Acute systemic toxicity studies are carried out in many sectors in which synthetic chemicals are manufactured or used and are among the most criticized of all toxicology tests on both scientific and ethical grounds. A review of the drivers for acute toxicity testing within the pharmaceutical industry led to a paradigm shift whereby in vivo acute toxicity data are no longer routinely required in...

Contemporary information on road salt runoff is needed for management of water resources in regions experiencing urbanization and increased road density. We investigated seasonal Cl(-) concentrations among five streams in south-central Indiana that drained watersheds varying in degree of urbanization and ranging in size from 9.3 to 27 km(2). We also conducted acute toxicity tests with Daphnia p...

Consensus Regarding new Drug Applications. " The Agency has revised this guidance based on comments it received on the proposed implementation. This approach, designed to facilitate the early stages of pharmaceutical development, is not and ICH consensus position although it is considered to be in general agreement with the ICH position on acute toxicity testing. This guidance was published in ...

The determination of single high doses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is used mostly to fulfill regulatory demands. Oral LD(50) values in animals for over 300 API were compared to the minimal effective therapeutic doses (METD) in humans in order to find a correlation between animal and human data. The highest correlation between human METD and animal LD(50) was found for the dog (R=...

Hazard assessment of chemicals to aquatic organisms involves the use of many toxicity tests. Acute toxicity tests, embryo-larval toxicity tests, and chronic toxicity tests that measure survival, growth, and reproductive effects now provide the most relative utility for evaluation of potential chemical hazards to aquatic life. Physiological, biochemical, and histological measurements have a low ...

stachys lavandulifolia is used as the herbal tea and its wide and potent medical effects have been reported for the extract in animal studies. this study aimed to find the safety profile of the extract to find the appropriate doses for further human studies. the aerial parts of the plant were air-dried and the hydroalcoholic extract was obtained and concentrated by percolation method with 140 m...

Environmental safety assessments for exposure of birds require the provision of acute avian toxicity data for both the pesticidal active substance and formulated products. As an example, testing on the formulated product is waived in Europe using an assessment of data for the constituent active substance(s). This is often not the case globally, because some countries require acute toxicity test...