literature review indicates that systemic agricultural human resource development (hrd) interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they have been. a comparative study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three multi-project hrd interventions including extension plans, adaptation plans and diffusion-push plans in...

climate change impacts are seen within growing numbers of cities in low- and middle-income countries, so there is growing interest in the adaptation and mitigation plans and programs put forward by city authorities. this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the constraints which cities face them in this subject by analyzing the case of tehran. city has a commitment to decentralizatio...

We present a general approach to flexible plan adaptation based on a deductive framework that enables a planner to correctly adapt complex plans containing control structures like conditionals and loops.

Successful climate adaptation needs to sustain food, water, and energy security in the face of elevated carbon emissions. Hydroeconomic analysis (HEA) offers considerable potential inform plans where water is an important element economic activity. This paper's contribution identify how HEA can by minimizing costs responding induced changes supplies. It describes what is, why it important, rese...

Recent research in case-based reasoning suggests the use of metacognitive approaches to control the reasoning process. Whereas most of this research focuses on issues related to retrieval and representation, we describe a metacognitive approach to case adaptation based on the generation of questions and answers. The answer generation utilizes particular planning knowledge in the form of introsp...

Abstract Defining and measuring progress in adaptation are important questions for climate science, policy, practice. Here, we assess the of urban planning 327 European cities between 2005 2020 using three ‘ADAptation plan Quality Assessment’ indices, called ADAQA-1/ 2/ 3, that combine six quality principles. Half have an its significantly increased over time. However, generally, is still low m...

This paper presents RepairSHOP a system capable of performing plan adaptation and plan repair. RepairSHOP is built on top of the HTN planner SHOP. RepairSHOP has three properties. The first property is its design modularity, which makes it is straightforward to apply the same process discussed in this paper to build plan adaptation capabilities in other HTN planners. Second, RepairSHOP can perf...

Ubiquitous computing promotes flexibility for the enduser. This means that some design choices have to be shifted from design-time to run-time in order to involve the end-user into the decision process. In this paper, we study flexible plans, i.e. plans that let the end-user arrange tasks planned by an automated process seeking to achieve his needs. More precisely, we present an algorithm λ-gra...

This paper presents RESYN/CBR, a case-based planner dedicated to organic chemistry synthesis, from the viewpoint of its adaptation process.