objective: several vaccines against hiv have been investigated but none has been approved as an effective hiv vaccine. an approach that could induce stronger immune response against the pathogen is utilizing a multi-epitopic vaccine. this strategy was used in the design of several vaccines and resulted in improved immune responses. materials and methods: in this study a multi-epitopic fusion p...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to update the long-term outcome in the treatment of locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data from 138 patients who underwent RNU for locally advanced UTUC (pT3/4 or pN+) were analyzed. RESULTS The adjuvant chemothe...

Background Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after surgical resection of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II meningioma, also known as atypical meningioma (AM), is a topic of controversy. The purpose of this study is to compare overall survival (OS) with or without adjuvant RT after subtotal resection (STR) or gross total resection (GTR) in AM patients diagnosed according to the 2007 WHO classifi...

BACKGROUND Despite resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region (SCCHN) often recur. Because adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation reduces recurrence among high-risk mucosal SCCHN, we sought to understand its efficacy among high-risk cutaneous SCCHN. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cutaneo...

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a part of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, was active as adjuvant and stimulated the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of mice to increase its phagocytic function. A series of analogs of MDP was tested for their adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating activity. Sex differences were observed in the adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating capacity of some MDP analogs. A ste...

The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. Propolis is a natural compounds, are mostly known for their immunostimulatory  properties. In this study the adjuvant effects of propolis in combination with formalin-killed A. hydrophila vaccine in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluat...