In any environment of multiple information sources it is practically unavoidable that information sources would overlap; that is, describe the same portion of the real world. And when information sources overlap, it is practically unavoidable that information would be inconsistent; that is, describe diierently the same portion of the real world. In this report we deene a formal framework for re...

Social cognitive optimization (SCO) is a simple behavioral model based on human social cognition. By formalizing the fundamental social cognitive agent, the single-agent and multiagent models of SCO are studied. After realizing the goodness evaluation, the experiments results of SCO are compared with existing results on five engineering design problems, which show that SCO can get high-quality ...

I describe a goodness-of-fit measure for revealed preference tests. This index can be used to measure the degree to which an economic agent violates the model of utility maximization. I calculate the violation indices for a 38 consumers and find that the observed choice behavior is very close to optimizing behavior.