minoo ’s ahriman is a term for discovering ahriman in the world of minoo: a world where it’s creatures are invisible, undesirable, and without a body . in this article, minoo’s ahriman in the avesta and the pahlavi texts are surveyed. in gahan, ahriman exists as the evil nature as opposed to the good nature that leads to his creation in the haftha. in new avesta the minavi existence continues w...

the purpose of this research is to study the hostile behavior of ahriman in destroying ahura mazda and his good creations, specially the creation of man. this hostility also continues in the reign of jamshid. one day jamshid sat upon a jewel-studded throne and the divs who served him raised his throne up into the air and he flew through the sky. feeling proud of what he saw, jamshid began to fo...

this article aims to show that the recent story of zahhak is in fact a re-modeling of the creation myth. this theory is proved through the comparison of the structural elements of the zoroastrian myth of creation with the story of zahhak from the shāhnāma. for this purpose, initially, a summary of the creation myth is presented in three parts. then, it is concluded that the triple division of z...

A taxonomic revision is presented of the genus Paracanthopoma, probably least-known vandelliine at present. The work based on most material available in museums worldwide and includes a major expansion knowledge about genus. Paracanthopoma circumscribed as monophyletic group basis nine putatively synapomorphic characters. Evidence provided for Paravandellia sister groups two genera are comparat...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

1. introduction the shahnameh opens with a preface which probably did not exist prior to ferdowsi. even if such a thing existed, it must have been different from the present introduction. putting this aside, the rest of the shahnameh has a clear beginning and ending. this has helped critics to determine the structure of the work as a whole by its content. however, we believe the shahnameh inclu...

in the corpus of persian texts, the word “dervish” generally represents a person who is satisfied with having few belongings and properties. in the islamic period, this word exactly corresponds to “sufi”. most of the lexicographers and researchers have mentioned two distinct equivalents for “dervish” in different persian texts. on the one hand, dervish means “beggar”. in this regard, “dervish” ...