I examine how firms use alliances to respond to the alliance networks of their rivals, by either allying with their rivals’ partners or by building countervailing alliances. Evidence from the global airline industry (1994–98) suggests that these strategic responses depend on alliance cospecialization. Cospecialized alliances by rivals may involve exclusivity, precluding alliances with the rival...

W propose a two-stage game-theoretic approach to study the operations of an airline alliance in which independent carriers, managing different reservation and information systems, can collaboratively market and operate codeshare and interline itineraries. In the first-stage game, airlines negotiate fixed proration rates to share the revenues generated by such itineraries. In the second-stage ga...

Parallel airline alliances have negative effects on consumers a priori; however, they can be counteracted if airports may modify the behavior of airlines. In particular, vertical airport–airline agreements allow airport to influence competition downstream market, changing parallel alliances. this paper, we analyze in context between pairs competition. We show that under airports, are welfare im...

With respect to the importance of commercial alliances in airline hypercompetitive environment, partner performance evaluation is a critical matter before making any decision about partnership. In this article, utilizing Fuzzy theory, a hybrid airline evaluation model is developed in a way that all airline performance strategic dimensions are considered, as well as, it can deal with qualitative...