introduction agriculture still constitutes the backbone of the rural economy and is an engine of rural household income growth in developing countries. according to the evidence, agriculture sector has an important role also in rural economy in islamic republic of iran. thus, in order to promote rural economy, rural development programs and policies have been focused on agricultural investments...

Project-specific actor constellations and relationships shape contemporary planning practice. The existing literature predominantly focuses on the flexibility of regulations in projects largely ignores behaviour involved governance actors. Here, we argue that nuances relationship dynamics between public private sector actors deserve increased scrutiny. Based in-depth interviews with planners pr...

Climate finance investments and international policy are driving new community-based projects incorporating payments for ecosystem services (PES) to simultaneously store carbon and generate livelihood benefits. Most community-based PES (CB-PES) research focuses on forest areas. Rangelands, which store globally significant quantities of carbon and support many of the world's poor, have seen litt...

Small-scale pilot projects have demonstrated that integrated population, health and environment approaches can address the needs and rights of vulnerable communities. However, these and other types of health and development projects have rarely gone on to influence larger policy and programme development. ExpandNet, a network of health professionals working on scaling up, argues this is because...

This pilot study of a school-based telepractice pilot project in a rural, remote county of North Carolina investigated the satisfaction of parents/caregivers, teachers, and administrators with a year-long telespeech therapy program delivered by a university clinic. Upon completion of the almost year-long project, a satisfaction survey incorporating a 5-point equal-appearing Likert scale (1= str...

Floodplain restoration projects are part of sustainable flood management model. However, in practice, they are rarely implemented. We analyze the failure of a floodplain restoration project that was supposed to be implemented on the River Rhône (France). Based on the analysis of floodplain restoration projects implementation literature, we identified several constraints on the implementation of...

Multicentre randomised trials are complex projects with many operational uncertainties. The embedding of a formal check upon study progress and viability at a pre-specified time point (sometimes referred to as an 'internal pilot') is becoming increasingly common within multicentre pragmatic randomised trials. However, it is worth considering this practice. We argue that most, if not all, multic...

When writing can change your life, when writing can enrich you by offering much money, why don't you try it? Are you still very confused of where getting the ideas? Do you still have no idea with what you are going to write? Now, you will need reading. A good writer is a good reader at once. You can define how you write depending on what books to read. This have we made progress the clinical pl...

Recent surveys have shown that ISD project success rates are particularly low. Organizations are applying a wide array of information systems development methodologies (ISDMs) – both plan-based and agile, such as waterfall, scrum and XP – to improve information systems development (ISD) performance. However, as ISD projects often have different characteristics such as size, scope and complexity...