effects of atp and mg2+ concentrations on bioluminescence reaction of luciferase (photinus pyralis) were investigated by home-made luminometer. the michaelis constants of the enzyme for atp and mg2+ obtained from the lineweaver-burk graph, were 61.9 mm ±3.3 mm and 251.6mm ± 39.0mm respectively. optimum concentration of mg2+ for maximum luminescence was 0.004 m.

We characterized three Japanese firefly species (Luciola lateralis, Luciola cruciata, and Lucidina biplagiata) and three North American firefly species (Lucidota atra, Photuris lucicrescens, and Photuris cinctipennis) based on their surface hydrocarbons. The analysis of firefly extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed clear differences in the chromatographic profiles an...

Incorporation of (18)O into the CO(2) produced in the bioluminescent oxidation of firefly luciferin was studied. In H(2) (16)O medium with (18)O(2) gas, the product CO(2) contained up to 75% C(16)O(18)O, showing that one O of the product CO(2) arose from the O(2) that oxidized luciferin. This result is consistent with a dioxetane mechanism. Analysis of the mass spectral data of the CO(2) obtain...

Firefly algorithm is a recently added member of the swarm intelligence heuristics family. In this paper the firefly algorithm is adjusted and applied to integer programming problems. In order to deal with integer programming problems, firefly algorithm rounds the parameter values to the closest integer after producing new solutions. The performance of firefly algorithm is tested on seven proble...

Firefly algorithm is an optimization algorithm which mimics the behavior of fireflies to solve problems. In this paper, firefly algorithm with mutation is researched and the performance effect of parameter settings is studied in order to show which setting is more suitable for solving optimization problems. It is tested on ten standard function problems and compared with original firefly algori...

BACKGROUND Bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles is produced by a luciferase-luciferin reaction. The luminescence property and protein structure of firefly luciferase have been investigated, and its cDNA has been used for various assay systems. The chemical structure of firefly luciferin was identified as the D-form in 1963 and studies on the biosynthesis of firefly luciferin began ear...

Background: Bioluminescence in fireflies and click beetles is produced by a luciferase-luciferin reaction. The luminescence property and protein structure of firefly luciferase have been investigated, and its cDNA has been used for various assay systems. The chemical structure of firefly luciferin was identified as the D-form in 1963 and studies on the biosynthesis of firefly luciferin began ea...

In this paper, a quaternion firefly algorithm is utilized to solve a multi-row facility layout design problem with the objective of minimizing the total cost of transportation. A quaternion firefly algorithm takes the motion of the firefly as a quaternion one. Consequently, the solution space is explored more accurately and the answers are of higher quality. That is, the answers are considerabl...

Firefly algorithm (FA) is recently developed nature-inspired metaheuristic based on the flashing patterns and behaviour of fireflies. Original FA was successfully applied to solve unconstrained optimization problems. This paper presents firefly algorithm to solve constrained optimization problems. For constraint handling, firefly algorithm uses certain feasibility-based rules in order to guide ...