background: on an average 30-50% of patients who undergo incision and drainage (i and d) of anal abscess will develop recurrence or fistula formation. it is claimed that finding the internal orifice of anal abscess to distract the corresponding anal gland duct; will decline the rate of future anal fistula. surgeons supporting i and d alone claim that finding the internal opening is hazardous. t...

Sentinel lymph node mapping can help to direct surgical oncologic staging and metastatic disease detection in patients with complex lymphatic pathways. We hypothesized that indirect computed tomographic lymphography (ICTL) with a water-soluble iodinated contrast agent would successfully map lymphatic pathways of the iliosacral lymphatic center in dogs with anal sac gland carcinoma, providing a ...

chief complaint of anal bleeding. On digital examination, a 5-mm elastic soft tumor was palpated in the posterior wall of the anal canal. Colonoscopy was performed which demonstrated a transparent 5-mm submucosal tumor in the posterior wall below the dentate line (●" Fig. 1a,b). For endoscopic resection, it is difficult to visualize the interior of the anal canal, and resection below the dentat...

Quantitative stir bar sorptive extraction methods, both in the aqueous and headspace modes, followed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to investigate individual variations in the volatile components of male and female ferret (Mustela furo) urine. The urinary profiles were further compared with volatile profiles of anal gland secretions of breeding male and fem...

A 62-year-old female with a history of anal gland adenocarcinoma presents with metastatic disease to the kidney with renal vein tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC). Metastatic disease to the kidney with renal vein tumor thrombus is extremely rare with only several cases described in the literature. We present the first reported case of metastatic anal gland adenocarcinoma...

Fistula in ano is defined as an abnormal communication, lined by granulation tissue between the anal canal and the exterior i.e. the skin, which causes a chronic inflammatory response. Most commonly, these fistulae develop following an anal abscess. Inadequate drainage of the abscess or a spontaneous rupture are the two main reasons for development of anal fistula. The occurrence of such absces...

Anal malignancies constitute approximately 1 to 3 % of all large-bowel carcinomas 1, 2 and less than 6 % of all anorectal carcinomas 3,4 . The latter is either squamous or glandular type. The squamous cell carcinoma is much more common than adenocarcinoma. Anal canal adenocarcinoma is subclassified into adenocarcinoma arising in anal mucosa and extamucosal (perianal) adenocarcinoma. The latter ...

Anal duct carcinoma, also known as anal gland carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the anal canal, is an unusual anal cancer that accounts for approximately 0.1% of all gastrointestinal cancers. Delays in diagnosis most likely account for the poor prognosis associated with this cancer. Presenting symptoms often mimic those of more common benign anorectal pathologic processes. Multimodality treatment ...