background: one of the domains of scientific activities is working on animals. performing experiments on animals is per­missible only with the purpose of obtaining necessary information for saving and improving life of human be­ings or ani­mals. principally, all religions believe that human life is more valuable than animal life and humans have a god-given au­thority over animals, but they shou...

background continuous epidural analgesia with catheterization is a useful technique, because it has a wide adaptation range and provides prolonged analgesia. problems that may arise from long-term epidural analgesia are changes in the analgesic area, duration of analgesia and catheter-related problems. few articles have evaluated gradual changes of long-term epidural analgesia. in the animal mo...

epidemiological features of some of several foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), such as bushehr province, had not been detected in iran. this study was carried out for detection and characterization of epidemiological features of cl in these regions, from oct. 1998 to oct. 1999. all of the primary school children aged 7-14 years and total populations of 14 villages were examined for the prese...

The communication systems of nonhuman animals are reviewed, together with a discussion of their relevance for the evolution of human language. The teaching of language to nonhumans, as well as signs of mind and consciousness outside our species, are considered as possible bridges between us and the rest of the animal kingdom.

brucellosis has remained a great problem of health in most of countries, which have failed in control of zoonosis infections. this disease is caused by species of brucella and usually is transferred from animals to humans. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis among animal farmers of yazd province. in this descriptive study, 933 animal farmers were inves...

statement of problem: the guided bone regeneration (gbr) technique does not always produce consistent results. bone filling within the space provided by the membrane can be incomplete. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a collagen membrane (bio-gide) in combination with or without deproteinezed bovine bone mineral (bio-oss) on the healing of calvarial defects in rabbit...