avicenna has divided the conditionals to the real cogent (i.e. with possible antecedent) and the verbal cogent (i.e. with the impossible antecedent). denying the truth of the latter, he caused controversies among moslem logicians. at the paper, we report the controversies, analyze the real and verbal cogent conditionals, formalize them in modern modal and relevant logics, and finally, defend id...

Interpreting a verb-phrase ellipsis (VP ellipsis) requires accessing an antecedent in memory, and then integrating a representation of this antecedent into the local context. We investigated the online interpretation of VP ellipsis in an eye-tracking experiment and four speed–accuracy tradeoff experiments. To investigate whether the antecedent for a VP ellipsis is accessed with a search or dire...

This study aimed to differentiate the effects of repeated antecedent hypoglycemia, antecedent marked hyperinsulinemia, and antecedent increases in corticosterone on counterregulation to subsequent hypoglycemia in normal rats. Specifically, we examined whether exposure to hyperinsulinemia or elevated corticosterone per se could impair subsequent counterregulation. Four groups of male Sprague-Daw...

language is a system and every system has rules that govern the structure of its vocabulary. the rules of the arabic language are based on the vowels that consistent with the meanings used in the context represent the words' position. there are some basic rules in addition to vowels which are mostly seen in the written texts. one of these rules is the matching rule that refers to the condi...

This paper presents a constraint-based multiagent strategy to coreference resolution of general noun phrases in unrestricted English text. For a given anaphor and all the preceding referring expressions as the antecedent candidates, a common constraint agent is first presented to filter out invalid antecedent candidates using various kinds of general knowledge. Then, according to the type of th...

rainfall is recognized as one of the main triggering factors of landslides. researchers have long attempted to determine the amount of precipitation required to trigger slope failures. one of the landslide zones in iran is chaharmahal & bakhtiari province where many landslides cause high casualties in recent decades. it is significant that most of these landslides occur after a rainy period...

bone chisel. Intriguing in the latter context is the mention of "instrumentists" (organikoi) (e.g. pp. 60ff, 158), whose activities as technicians were sometimes the subject of criticism by medical writers, since, on occasion, their quest to perfect surgical tools seems to have taken precedence over the best interest of the patient. Their inventiveness may, perhaps, be seen, too, in certain par...