in order to investigate the effect of pharmacist intervention on vancomycin use, this study was performed on all patients receiving vancomycin in the intensive care unit (icu) and hematology-oncology ward of taleghani educational hospital in tehran, iran. vancomycin use was assessed during a pre- and post-intervention period in accordance with the center of disease control and prevention (cdc) ...

background and aims. irrational prescription of antibiotics by clinicians might lead to drug resistance. clinicians do prescribe antibiotics for either prophylactic or therapeutic reasons. the decision of when and what to prescribe leaves room for misuse and therefore it is imperative to continuously monitor knowledge and pattern of prescription. the aim of the present study was to determine th...

Is an antibiotic needed? Many diseases are not a result of bacterial infection and, especially when not severe, do not need antibiotics to manage them. Relevant examples include mild calf scours and outbreaks of coughing without other signs among growing cattle. Even in more severe cases of scour and pneumonia, the effect of antibiotics may be to protect the animal from secondary infection rath...

In the last several years, the use of double-stranded DNA templates together with thermostable-polymerase PCR has essentially replaced the use single-stranded DNA templates using the thermolabile polymerase for in vitro mutagenesis. Numerous PCR methods are now available, such as overlap-extension PCR, megaprimer PCR, and inverse PCR. All these PCR methods are reliable, effective, and convenien...