background: antinuclear antibodies (anas) in women with recurrent miscarriage have been reported. the presence of moderate to high titers of these antibodies represents an autoimmune condition that can endanger the health of the fetus in pregnant women. objective: in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of anas in iranian women with a history of two or more unexplained abortion. materials an...

graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by presence of antibodies directed against thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) receptor or nearby region. other serological abnormalities like antibodies to double stranded dna (ds–dna) and antinuclear antibodies (ana) have also been observed. we studied antibodies to ds-dna and ana in our patients with graves’ disease and compared them with...

knowledge of gene regulation, particularly in neoplastic cells, this deficit is striking. With our current understanding of chromosomal translocations, point mutations, and gene amplification in tumor cells, it is surprising to read that there is ". . . no difference between cancer and normal DNA . . ." (p. 130). The author spends a fair amount of time discussing possible mechanisms for the car...

scleroderma is a multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disease, cliaracterized by hardening of the skin. hv had 25 patients in the iranian pediatric unit of rheumatology over 10 years. there was female predominance if.m = 4/1, 80% female, 20% male). the age of onest was from 6 months to 16 years, the mean age being 10 years. the symptoms and signs were: nonpitting edema in 16%, liard skin in...