Apomorphine, a non-selective dopamine agonist, has been used as a pharmacological probe for investigating central dopaminergic neurotransmission in psychiatric illness. In this study repeated measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made in normal volunteers before, and after, the administration of apomorphine (5 or 10 micrograms/kg), or placebo. The difference in rCBF, before a...

Apomorphine (APO) is an anti-parkinsonian drug currently in use, which provides relief of Parkinson's symptoms. However, the utility of APO is greatly hampered by its poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. In the present study, O,O'-diacetyl-apomorphine, a prodrug of apomorphine, was synthesized and its biological activity was examined. The prodrug induced fibroblast growth factor-2 product...

Apomorphine in solution undergoes rapid autoxidation, producing greenish colored solutions, making it difficult to formulate as a stable pharmaceutical solution. To identify the optimum antioxidant agent/combination for apomorphine solution, a high performance liquid chromatography assay was used to study the stability of 50 μg/mL apomorphine HCI in 0.1% L-ascorbic acid (AA), 0.1% sodium metabi...

The repeated administration of dopamine receptor agonists produces a progressive increase in the acute behavioral effects of these drugs, known as behavioral sensitization. These includes the development of impulsive aggressive behavior after repeated small doses of apomorphine. The aim of this investigation was to study the behavioral specificity of the apomorphine-induced aggressiveness model...

G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is expressed in several brain regions and modulates dopaminergic activity partially by affecting D2 dopamine receptor function. In vitro, the nonselective dopamine agonist apomorphine can activate mouse and rat TAAR1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether apomorphine activity at the rodent TAAR1 observed in in vitro stud...

OBJECTIVE Curcumin is a major constituent of turmeric and influences many functions of the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on yawning induced by apomorphine in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Curcumin administered orally for 10 consecutive days. Yawning was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of apomorphine (a dopamine receptor agonist) and the number of y...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of sodium carbonate and apomorphine in a historical cohort of dogs, compare the occurrence of emesis and report any adverse effects recorded. METHODS This historical, observational study included information from medical records of dogs that received an emetic agent. The occurrence of emesis with apomorphine or sodium carbonate was calculated and the association ...

Apomorphine is a non-narcotic derivative of morphine, which acts as a dopamine agonist and is clinically used to treat "off-states" in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Adverse effects of apomorphine treatment include severe emesis and nausea, and ulceration and pain at the injection site. We wanted to test whether sensory transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a molecular t...

7 Chapter I A general introduction 13 Learning and memory 14 Classical conditioning 15 The context as a CS 16 Drug action as a US 16 Discrimination learning 17 Dopamine in learning 18 The Wickens' learning model 20 The hypothesis 22 Chapter II The glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems. The glutamatergic system Glutamate based transmission 25 Glutamate synthesis 26 Glutamate receptors 26 Glutam...