Article history: Received 30 April 2008 Available online 6 March 2009 Communicated by Luchezar L. Avramov

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The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) was opened for signature on 10 April 1972 and entered into force on 26 March 1975 with the United Kingdom, the United States and the former Soviet Union as the depositary governments. The Convention is to eliminate biological weapons and prohibit their development, production, stockpiling, acquisition and retention. It has 15 articles. The init...

This paper focuses on settled migrants and calls for the construction of the right to respect for private life as an autonomous source of protection against expulsion under Article 8 ECHR. I contend that, as a core part of human existence, private life warrants meaningful protection. I posit that the fact that all settled migrants have established private life in the host State brings it to the...

By the Aarhus Convention (1998) it is recognized the right of citizens to get access to and influence decision-making in respect to issues affecting the state of the environment. More specifically, in Article 8 it is stated that public authorities are forced to engage public participation when preparing regulations or legally binding rules that have a significant environmental impact. Towards t...

This paper extends the study of ontologies in Part I of this study (Volume 14, Article 8 [Kishore et al, 2004] ) in the context of Information Systems. The basic foundations of computational ontologies presented in Part I are extended to formal specifications in this paper. This paper provides a review of the formalisms, languages, and tools for specifying and implementing computational ontolog...

China has experimented with two strategies of reform of its state-owned enterprises (SOE). One is diversification of SOEs’ ownership through introducing non-state sources of investment. Another is to improve the management of SOEs by granting SOEs’ managers autonomy and their employees profit incentives. Utilising a data set on 680 SOEs over 1980-94, we tested the relative effectiveness of two ...

The parasitic wasp, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), introduces an entomopoxvirus (DlEPV) into its Caribbean fruit fly host, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), during oviposition. DlEPV has a 250–300 kb unipartite dsDNA genome, that replicates in the cytoplasm of the host's hemocytes, and inhibits the host’s encapsulation response. The putative p...

Background This study reports stakeholders’ ratings, and perceived gaps in World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 8 implementation in Thailand viewed against WHO’s Guidelines for Article 8 and to inform action in preparing the 2017 Tobacco Product Control Act.   Methods Stakeholder ratings of Guideline provisions of Article 8 on a three-tiered s...

Abstract It’s important that the government does not make process to get documents too complicated. (Western Europe/Other).