A finite switchboard state machine is a specialized finite state machine. It is built by binding the concepts of switching state machines and commutative state machines. The main purpose of this paper is to give a specific algorithm for fuzzy finite switchboard state machine and also, investigates the concepts of switching relation, covering, restricted cascade products and wreath products of f...

This paper proposes a circuit configuration for the realization of a four-terminal floating nullor (FTFN) with electronically tunable current gain. It mainly consists of an op amp in input together with two complementary current mirrors with controlled gain and two standard improved Wilson current mirrors. The validity of the performance of the scheme is verified through PSPICE simulation resul...

An adaptive data transmission scheme based on variable spreading gain (VSG) is studied in cellular CDMA network in presence of soft handoff (HO). The processing gain is varied according to traffic intensity meeting a requirement on data bit error rate (BER). The overall performance improvement due to processing gain adaptation and soft HO is evaluated and compared with a fixed rate system. The ...

The performance of linear multiuser receivers in terms of the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) achieved by the users has been analyzed in a synchronous CDMA system under random spreading sequences. In this paper, we extend these results to a symbol-asynchronous system and characterize the SIR for linear receivers | the Matched Filter receiver, the MMSE receiver and the Decorrelator. We rst an...

One of the features characterizing almost every multiple access (MA) communication system is the processing gain. For example, the processing gain of a direct sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) system represents the ratio between the actual bandwidth used by the system and the bandwidth required by an unspread system transmitting at equal rate. Through the use of spreading sequences,...

Different modulation schemes supporting multiple data rates in a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) system are studied. Both AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are considered. It is shown that the multi processing-gain scheme and the multi-channel scheme have almost the same performance. However, the multi-channel scheme has some advantages due to easier code desig...

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is probably the most interesting multiple access method provided by spread spectrum technology. CDMA refers to a multiple access method in which the individual terminals use spreadspectrum techniques and occupy the entire spectrum whenever they transmit. This paper focuses on direct-sequence spread-spectrum principles (processing gain, spreading, de-spreadin...

Different modulation schemes supporting multiple data rates in a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) system are studied. Both AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are considered. It is shown that the multi processing-gain scheme and the multi-channel scheme have almost the same performance. However, the multi-channel scheme has some advantages due to near-far resistan...

This study aims to examine the effect between internal capital disclosure (ICD) and stock return with mediation of on asset (ROA) banking sector Southeast Asia. We find that ICD does not have direct correlation returns, has a positive significant ROA, ROA return, mediating variable can mediate return. Bounded rationality or cognitive limitation resulted in investors needing ease capturing, memo...