This Perspective presents recent advances in macromolecular engineering enabled by ATRP. They include the fundamental mechanistic and synthetic features of ATRP with emphasis on various catalytic/initiation systems that use parts-per-million concentrations of Cu catalysts and can be run in environmentally friendly media, e.g., water. The roles of the major components of ATRP--monomers, initiato...

Controlled radical polymerization has proven to be a viable route to obtain polymers with narrow polydispersities (PDI’s) and controlled molecular weights under simple reaction conditions. It also offers control over the chain‐ends of the synthesized polymer. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is the most studied and utilized of these techniques. In this study ATRP has ...

styrene polymerization through frp and atrp methods was carried out at 110oc, while in-depth studies were performed by monte carlo simulation.the changes in monomer conversion, initiator concentration, average molecular weight, and polydispersity index were computed over the course of the polymerization. as the results indicate, compared to atrp, the frp reaches higher conversion in a similar r...

Compensatory mechanisms are often used to achieve stability by reducing variance, which can be accomplished via negative feedback during homeostatic regulation. In principle, compensation can also be implemented through feedforward mechanisms where a regulator acts to offset the anticipated output variation; however, few such neural mechanisms have been demonstrated. We provide evidence that an...

Poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted imogolite clay nanotubes were fabricated via activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) by designing a water-soluble amphiphilic ATRP initiator that can adsorb onto imogolite surface in an aqueous solution.

Photooxidized tryptophan (TRP) in tissue culture medium elicits a transient cytochrome P450 (CYP1) induction response in cultured cells. We show here that exposure of TRP to window sunlight (aTRP) greatly increased the potency, efficacy, and duration of CYP1A induction by TRP in primary chick embryo hepatocytes and in vivo. Aqueous TRP exposed to sunlight for 7 days exhibited a 100-fold or grea...

INTRODUCTION Polymeric materials are ubiquitous in our daily life and play a major role in scientific discoveries for constructing next generation smart materials, bioelectronics, novel drug carriers and so on. Numerous polymerizations methods have been developed to access functional polymeric materials, with metalcatalyzed polymerizations proven one of the most successful. However, some inhere...

Stackable gels comprised of layers of dissimilar polymers were synthesized by combining conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using two approaches: (i) polymerization of a pre-gel solution containing a monomer and cross-linker introduced on top of a previously prepared gel, and (ii) simultaneous polymerization of two immiscible pre-gel so...

Graft modifications of PVDF fluoropolymers have been identified as the efficient route to improve properties and expand applications. Taking advantage C-F C-Cl bonds in repeat units, atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP) were widely used for graft modification. Recently, photoinduced ATRP has shown good spatial temporal control over polymerization process contrast thermal activation mode...