shigella species (spp.) are gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for shigellosis. although it can be controlled via antibiotics, increasing number of antibiotic resistant isolates of shigella have been reported. therefore, other strategies such as production of specific vaccine against this organism could be a suitable therapeutic approach. attenuated live vaccines produced by gene delet...

OBJECTIVE Live attenuated influenza vaccine may protect against wild-type influenza illness shortly after vaccine administration by innate immunity. The 2003-2004 influenza A (H3N2) outbreak arrived early, and the circulating strain was antigenically distinct from the vaccine strain. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of influenza vaccines for healthy school-aged chi...

Shigella species (spp.) are gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for shigellosis. Although it can be controlled via antibiotics, increasing number of antibiotic resistant isolates of Shigella have been reported. Therefore, other strategies such as production of specific vaccine against this organism could be a suitable therapeutic approach. Attenuated live vaccines produced by gene delet...

BACKGROUND Universal vaccination of children 6 to 59 months of age with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine has recently been recommended by U.S. advisory bodies. To evaluate alternative vaccine approaches, we compared the safety and efficacy of intranasally administered live attenuated influenza vaccine with those of inactivated vaccine in infants and young children. METHODS Children 6 t...

The Canadian Paediatric Society continues to encourage annual influenza vaccination for ALL children and youth ≥6 months of age. Recommendations from the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) for the 2017/2018 influenza season are not substantially changed from those of last season. NACI has conducted a review of all available vaccine effectiveness data concerning live attenuated i...

Avian Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, a disease much affecting the poultry industry. In order to study the efficacy of the recombinant subunit vaccine constructed with ptfA gene of avian P. multocida, the ptfA gene fragment amplified by PCR from avian P. multocida was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a and the recombinant plasmid pET32a-ptfA was o...

In their review of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), Esposito et al. stated that in the US and Europe, LAIV is not recommended for children and adults with asthma and children younger than 5 years of age with a history of recurrent wheezing. While this statement is accurate for the US, it is not accurate for the European Union. The European Medicines Agency approved LAIV for use in chil...