This paper will discuss several computational tools for creating a stemma of Avestan manuscripts, such as: a letter similarity matrix, a morphological expander, and co-occurrence networks. After a short introduction to Avestan and Avestan manuscripts and a representation of Avestan peculiarities concerning the creation of stemmata, the operatability of the above-mentioned tools for this text co...

This paper will discuss several computational tools for creating a stemma of Avestan manuscripts, such as: a letter similarity matrix, a morphological expander, and co-occurrence networks. After a short introduction to Avestan and Avestan manuscripts and a representation of Avestan peculiarities concerning the creation of stemmata, the operatability of the above-mentioned tools for this text co...

Avestan’ is the name of the ritual language of Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion of the Iranian empire in Achaemenid, Arsacid and Sasanid times, covering a time span of more than 1200 years. It is named after the ‘Avesta’, i.e., the collection of holy scriptures that form the basis of the religion which was allegedly founded by Zarathushtra, also known as Zoroaster, by about the begi...

the script and orthography system which are used for the zoroastrian middle persian (= pahlavi) texts because of their many shortcomings and difficulties have always caused many misunderstandings and misinterpretations by the ancient users and modern researchers. this indeterminacy of the script and the lack of a complete and accurate understanding of the contents of the texts have caused the p...

avesta is the oldest written text remained and extant from iranian old languages. it comprises of a collection of thousands of words and expressions covering almost all fields of religion and the culture of ancient human beings. with regard to what is left of avesta, the contents of the twenty-one nasks (“books”) remained from the sasanian period, and the documents existing in other books perti...

Dies ist eine Internet-Sonderausgabe des Aufsatzes " How to kill a cow in Avestan " von Jost Gippert (1996). Sie sollte nicht zitiert werden. Zitate sind der Originalausgabe in Mír curad. Studies in honor of Calvert Watkins, Attention! This is a special internet edition of the article " How to kill a cow in Avestan " by Jost Gippert (1996). It should not be quoted as such. For quotations, pleas...

geographical concept of “haft karšvar” could be traced back to the proto-indo-iranian period. after the separation of indians and iranians, due to geographical circumstances and religio-political changes, original indo-iranian narrative of seven part of the earth, turned into its current versions. a comparison of old iranian and indian texts, specially avesta and vīspā̊ŋhō  purāṇa, shows that in...