in this paper, an efficient fault-tolerant routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) is presented. the proposed algorithm increases the network fault-tolerance using natural redundancy of ad-hoc networks. this algorithm is carried out in two stages; 1) the selection of backup nodes 2) the selection of backup route(s). in the first stage, the proposed algorithm chooses nodes with the...

due to limitations in computing resources of mobile nodes, mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) are very fault-prone. so far, redundancy at different levels of the network has been considered an efficient strategy to enhance the fault-tolerance of networks. indeed, ad-hoc networks are extremely redundant; therefore, natural redundancy to fault tolerance enhancement has a great impact on the network ...

Data backup in data center networks (DCNs) is critical to minimize the data loss under disaster. This paper considers the cost-efficient data backup for DCNs against a disaster with ε early warning time. Given geo-distributed DCNs and such a ε-time early warning disaster, we investigate the issue of how to back up the data in DCN nodes under risk to other safe DCN nodes within the ε early warni...

In this paper we present new concepts to resolve ECU (Electronic Control Unit) failures in FlexRay networks. Our approach extends the FlexRay bus schedule by redundant slots with modifications in the communication and slot assignment. We introduce additional backup nodes to replace faulty nodes. To reduce the required memory resources of the backup nodes, we distribute redundant tasks over diff...

One of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to meet the energy constraint of its sensor nodes while ensuring reliability of the system. Clustering is an effective self-organization approach to offer energy-efficient communication for WSNs. However, energy of a sensor node dynamically decreases when it plays a role of a cluster head. As a result some nodes die faster that sh...

This paper presents that, by combining on-demand instantiation and lazy recovery, we can reduce the cost of asynchronous state machine replication protocols, such as Paxos and UpRight, while maintaining their high availability. To reduce cost, we incorporate on-demand instantiation, which activates a subset of replicas first and activates backup ones when active ones fail. To solve its key limi...

In a mobile ad hoc wireless networks (MANET), nodes communicate with each other via packet radios. However, in a MANET network, the mobility of the nodes and power limitations lead to an increased loss of connectivity between the mobile nodes when changing the route between nodes, which requires the routing table to be frequently updated. Hence, routing protocol plays an important role in updat...

DSR algorithm is applied to selects best path for communication between two nodes in a highly dynamic environment. As highly dynamic environment changes frequently, the probability of breakage of established path is high in such environment. Every time when established path breaks, a new route has to be discovered for communication between the nodes. In order to avoid path discovery every time,...

Controllability of complex networks has been a hot topic in recent years. Real networks regarded as interdependent networks are always coupled together by multiple networks. The cascading process of interdependent networks including interdependent failure and overload failure will destroy the robustness of controllability for the whole network. Therefore, the optimization of the robustness of i...