newcastle disease (nd) is one of the most important diseases that affect birds; the epizootic nature of the disease has caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. in this experiment nd virus (ndv) was inactivated by two different chemicals binary ethylenimine (bei) and formaldehyde. formaldehyde was used at 0.1%, while bei was used at concentrations of 1 to 4 mm. ndv inact...

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: October 20, 2014 August 18, 2015 September 01, 2015 December 31, 2015 To inactivate locally isolated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), phenol, formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine were optimized for their concentrations and exposure time. Their effect on immunoprophylaxis induction was then assessed by using different levels of immunogen/PCV and diffe...

Severe climate change and global warming may impact significantly on vector-borne disease including Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection in human and animals. Thus, veterinary authority requires large quantity of diagnostic tools to survey vector-borne diseases. New producing method having a relation with JE antigen is needed to substitute conventional sucrose-acetone extraction method using su...

The inactivation dynamics of rabies virus (PV strain) by binary ethylenimine, and the immunogenic properites and the stability of the vaccines prepared using this agent, were studied. Binary ethylenimine at a final concentration of 0.01 M was prepared wtih 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide in alkaline solutions, either separately from or in suspensions of rabies virus propagated in BHK cells. The ...

Inhibitors of viral disassembly or RNA and protein synthesis, viral disassembly intermediates (infectious subviral particles, ISVP), binary ethylenimine-inactivated virions, and viral particles lacking genomic double-stranded (ds) RNA (empty particles) were used to assess the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA in chicken (chIL-1beta) macrophages in response to avian reovirus. The r...

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases that affect birds; the epizootic nature of the disease has caused severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In this experiment ND virus (NDV) was inactivated by two different chemicals binary ethylenimine (BEI) and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde was used at 0.1%, while BEI was used at concentrations of 1 to 4 mM. NDV inact...