Here, I argue that computational thinking and techniques are so central to the quest of understanding life that today all biology is computational biology. Computational biology brings order into our understanding of life, it makes biological concepts rigorous and testable, and it provides a reference map that holds together individual insights. The next modern synthesis in biology will be driv...

tion was associated with an observable survival benefit and delay in progression to AIDS among HIV-1–infected IDUs. 3 While HTLV-I has been definitively proven to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lym-phoma and a progressive neurodegenerative illness known as tropical spastic parapare-sis/HTLV-I–associated myelopathy (TSP/ HAM), a causal role for HTLV-II with either leukemia or TSP/HAM is much less w...