we solve the coupled mode equations governing the chalcogenide nonlinear fiber bragg gratings (fbgs) numerically, and obtain the bistability characteristics. the characteristics of the chalcogenide nonlinear fbgs such as: switching threshold intensity, bistability interval, on-off switching ratio are studied. the effects of fbg length and its third order nonlinear refractive index on fbg charac...

We solve the coupled mode equations governing the chalcogenide nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) numerically, and obtain the bistability characteristics. The characteristics of the chalcogenide nonlinear FBGs such as: switching threshold intensity, bistability interval and on-off switching ratio are studied. The effects of FBG length and its third order nonlinear refractive index on FBG cha...

Optical bistability at nanoscale is a promising way to realize optical switching, a key component of integrated nanophotonic devices. In this work we present an analytical model for optical bistability in a metal nano-antenna involving Kerr nonlinear medium based on detailed analysis of the correlation between the incident and extinction light intensity under surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Th...

Thin films (20-150 nm thickness) of poly(o-anthranilic acid) with various doping levels were prepared on silicon substrates with deposited indium tin oxide, and their topography and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were quantitatively investigated using current-sensing atomic force microscopy with a platinum-coated tip. The films were found to have a surface morphology like that of orange ...

We predict that vertical transport in heterostructures formed by twisted graphene layers can exhibit a unique bistability mechanism. Intrinsically bistable I -V characteristics arise from resonant tunneling and interlayer charge coupling, enabling multiple stable states in the sequential tunneling regime. We consider a simple trilayer architecture, with the outer layers acting as the source and...

We present a transfer-matrix method capable of simulating the effects of nonuniform gratings on the filtering, amplification, and bistability characteristics of distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser amplifiers. The linewidth enhancement factor is incorporated in a way that allows direct gaintuning of the bistability hysteresis. As an example, we compare a /4 phase-shifted DFB amplifier...

Efficient numerical methods are developed to analyze optical bistability in a multilayer structure with Kerr nonlinearity. It corresponds to computing multiple solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Helmholtz equation for a range of frequencies and incident intensities. The input-output characteristics is calculated as a simple initial value problem without any iterations. Bistability inter...

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is an organic mixed ion-electron conducting polymer. The PEDOT phase transports holes and is redox-active, whereas the PSS phase transports ions. When PEDOT is redox-switched between its semiconducting and conducting state, the electronic and optical properties of its bulk are controlled. Therefore, it is appealing to use this t...

The macroscopic current/voltage relationship of NMDA receptor ion channels is nonmonotonic under physiological conditions, which can give rise to bistable and amplifying/facilitatory behavior in neurons and neural structures, supporting significant computational primitives. Conditions under which bistable regimes of operation prevail, and also general amplifying properties associated with activ...