black stem is one of the most important fungal diseases of sunflower which is caused by phoma macdonaldii. this research was conducted to clarify the interactions between a few breeder lines and wild-type accessions of sunflower with seven isolates of phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent, under controlled conditions. the experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three r...

Equal representation within higher education science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and the STEM workforce in the United States across demographically diverse populations is a long-standing challenge. This study uses two-to-one nearest-neighbor matched-comparison group design to examine academic achievement, pursuit of graduate science degree, and classification of grad...

This study focused on entry to and attainment of bachelor’s degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, by examining gender and race/ethnicity in an intersectional manner and paying particular attention to STEM subfields. The intersectional analysis extends previous research findings that female students are more likely to persist in college once they are in a ST...

Three flea beetle species (Aphthona spp.), first introduced into North America in 1988, have come to be regarded as effective biological control organisms for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). The black flea beetles (Aphthona lacertosa and A. czwalinae) in particular have been shown to cause reductions in leafy spurge stem counts in the northern Great Plains, while the brown flea beetle (A. nigri...

In this letter we compute the corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde formula of Schwarzschild black holes. These corrections stem from the space noncommuta-tivity. Because the Schwarzschild black holes are non rotating, to the first order of perturbative calculations, there is no any effect on the properties of black hole due to the noncommutativity of space.

The wing costa shows six black-scaled areas ; the base of the costa has black scales, while the apex has white scales. The first longitudinal vein shows four black-scaled areas corresponding to the four outer blackscaled areas on the costa, but the third black-scaled area from the apex is divided into two by a narrow whitescaled interruption and is shorter than the corresponding costal mark. Th...