BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ICAS) has various stroke mechanisms, including branch occlusive disease (BOD), subcortical infarcts caused by parent arterial disease occluding the perforator's orifice, and non-BOD, infarcts beyond the subcortical area caused by artery-to-artery embolism. To test whether these 2 types of ICAS had different vascular pathophysiologies, ...

The inactivation of a redox enzyme, bilirubin oxidase (BOD), by heat and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was studied by two bioelectrochemical methods. One is a conventional method, which measures the inactivation of BOD in solution, and the other is a method using a BOD-immobilized electrode (a membrane/BOD/GC electrode), which measures the inactivation of BOD in the immobilized state. The res...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of body temperature and moisture on body fat (%fat), volume and density by air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD). METHODS: %fat, body volume and density by the BOD POD before (BOD PODBH) and immediately following hydrostatic weighing (BOD PODFH) were performed in 32 healthy females (age (yr) 33 +/- 11, weight (kg) 64 +/- 14, height (cm) 167 +/- 7). Bod...

Activated sludge was successfully incorporated as the biocatalyst in the fast, ferricyanide-mediated biochemical oxygen demand (FM-BOD) bioassay. Sludge preparation procedures were optimized for three potential biocatalysts; aeration basin mixed liquor, aerobic digester sludge and return activated sludge. Following a 24h starving period, the return activated sludge and mixed liquor sludges repo...

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) test is widely used in many wastewater treatment plants. The conventional BOD tests are usually time-consuming and the results are often out of date for process control purposes. The aim of this research was to compare the manometric respirometric test with common chemical methods in the determination of BOD of wastewater from a pulp and paper mills as well as...

The 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) remains a key indicator for proof of compliance with environmental regulators in the monitoring and management of winery effluent. Inter-conversion factors from alternative tests that are more rapid, accurate and simpler to perform have been determined that allow prediction of BOD(5) in winery wastewaters, generally, and at different stages of product...

The conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) method takes five days to analyze samples. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) may be an alternate tool for rapid BOD determination in water. However, a MFC biosensor for continuous BOD measurements of water samples is still unavailable. In this study, a MFC biosensor inoculated with known mixed cultures was used to determine the BOD concentration. Effec...

BACKGROUND Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect secundum (ASD-II) has become an alternative method for surgery. We sought to compare the two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) method for measuring atrial septal defect with balloon occlusive diameter (BOD) in transcatheter ASD-II closure. METHODS A total of 39 patients (71.1% female, mean age: 35.31 ± 15.37 years) who ...

BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) is the pollution index of any water sample. One of the main factors influencing the estimation of BOD is the nature of microorganisms used as seeding material. In order to meet the variation in wastewater characteristics, one has to be specific in choosing the biological component that is the seeding material. The present study deals with the estimation of BOD of...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exertion patterns in anaerobically treated farm dairy wastewater were investigated on a laboratory scale. Oxygen uptake was typically characterised by a period of rapid oxygen exertion, a transitional "shoulder" phase and a period of slower activity. A multi-species model, involving rapidly degradable and slowly degradable material, was developed, leading to a do...