The article examines the unique role of Russian émigré intellectual Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952) in understanding “Russian communism” as a phenomenon deep religious nature. It is noted that young was formed historian, specialist history European religiosity, medieval sects and heresies, various forms interweaving between religion politics. This experience specific historical cultural re...

Brecht's relationship to Marxism is extremely important and highly complex. From the 1920s until his death in 1956, Brecht identified himself as a Marxist; when he returned to Germany after World War II, he chose the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where his actress wife Helene Weigel and he formed their own theater troupe, the famed Berliner Ensemble, and were eventually given a state theate...