in the form of passive seismic methods, broadband seismometers have been used in hydrocarbon exploration. the frequency bandwidth typically studied is in the range of 1–6 hz. the observations on low frequency band of microtremors are used to calculate the spectral ratio of vertical and horizontal components (v/h) and power spectral density (psd). attributes based on the v/h ratio and the psd ha...

Nuclear Geophysics is essential to the oil, gas and uranium industries. The initial development of nuclear geophysics was focused on developing techniques needed by the oil industry. Developments in nuclear physics and computational analysis were immediately used this field. Today, techniques developed in nuclear geophysics are also used by the coal and metalliferous mining industries and contr...

Hydrogeologists have long been interested in using geophysical measurements to answer questions about the Earth. Originally used to find ore bodies or oil and gas, geophysics’ sensitivity to water was originally considered a nuisance. While looking for metallic ore using electricalinduced polarization, for instance, early geophysicists found that groundwater controlled most of the measured sign...

A combination of geologic descriptions of cores, borehole geophysics, surfacegeophysical soundings and water-sample analyses was used to characterize flow in the surficial aquifer in the vicinity of Big Cypress National Preserve, Collier County, south Florida. The geophysical analysis augmented by aquifer tests and piezometer measurements showed that the surficial aquifer is under unconfined co...

Development of borehole geophysics has recently focused on reservoir characterization. Within this effort, extensive full waveform acoustic surveys have demonstrated a correlation between the occurance of open fractures and attenuation of Stoneley waves. A relationship is obtained here between fracture permeability and attenuation of Stoneley waves, on the basis of a physical mechanism. This me...

Long-term oil and gas exploitation in reservoir will lead to pore pressure depletion. The pore pressure depletion will result in changes of horizontal in-situ stresses both in reservoirs and caprock formations. Using the geophysics logging data, the magnitude and orientation changes of horizontal stresses in caprock and reservoir are studied. Furthermore, the borehole stability can be affected ...

Open fractures are of interest in many areas such as ground water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, oil and gas recovery, and geothermal energy extraction. In borehole geophysics and engineering, fractures are usually located by acoustic borehole televiewer logging, however, not all of the observed fractures are permeable. The caliper log, on the other hand, provides the information abou...

Abstract Over the past decades, development of fibre optic cables, which pass light waves carrying data guided by total internal reflection, has led to advances in high-speed and long-distance communication, large transmission, optical imaging, sensing applications. Thus far, sensors (FOSs) have primarily been employed engineering, biomedicine, basic sciences, with few reports their usage geoph...

Seismic interferometry has become a technology of growing interest for imaging borehole seismic data. We demonstrate that interferometry of internal multiples can be used to image targets above a borehole receiver array. By “internal multiples” we refer to all types of waves that scatter multiple times inside the model. These include, for instance, interbed, intra-salt and water-bottom multiple...