abstract as hybrid spawn is propagated asexually in edible mushrooms, producers may propagate it without the permission of the owner. for the protection of the owner right, there is a great need for a molecular certificate for each commercial line. the high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was used to prepare molecular certifications and fin...

Selectively bred rat lines, developed to model genetic contributions to alcohol abuse, include the Indiana alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) lines, and the Alko-Alcohol (AA) and Alko-Nonalcohol (ANA) lines. Preferring and nonpreferring lines were compared in their response to intraperitoneal injection of either ethanol or isotonic saline using c-Fos expression as a marker of...

Evolution of metabolic rates of multicellular organisms is hypothesized to reflect the evolution of their cell architecture. This is likely to stem from a tight link between the sizes of cells and nuclei, which are expected to be inversely related to cell metabolism. Here, we analysed basal metabolic rate (BMR), internal organ masses and the cell/nucleus size in different tissues of laboratory ...

Detailed global gene expression profiles have been obtained for a series of transgenic and conventionally bred wheat lines expressing additional genes encoding HMW (high molecular weight) subunits of glutenin, a group of endosperm-specific seed storage proteins known to determine dough strength and therefore bread-making quality. Differences in endosperm and leaf transcriptome profiles between ...

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the potential heterogeneous composite cross populations (CCPs) increase sustainability and resilience wheat cropping systems, a so far largely neglected approach. For purpose, 10 CCPs originating from one CCP created in 2001 having evolved under different environmental conditions since F 5 , were compared 15 16 with recently released cultivars i...

Random-bred Swiss mice were selectively bred for 16 generations; selection was based on their agglutinin response to sheep and pigeon erythrocytes to produce a high and a low responder line. The serum levels of individual immunoglobulins differed significantly in these two lines before immunization. The differences in the levels of immunoglobulins were much more marked after immunization with p...

Predatory (towards crickets), intermale, and maternal aggression were examined in four replicate lines of mice that had been selectively bred for high wheel-running (S) and in four random-bred control lines (C). In generation 18, individual differences in both predatory and intermale aggression were significantly consistent across four trial days, but predatory and intermale aggression were unc...