The Present paper deals with the herbicide Butachlor (5,10 ,20,40 and 80ppm)-induced changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related to photosynthesis and defense systems in paddy field cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum grown under laboratory conditions. Growth and photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a and carotenoids were adversely affected by Butachlor treatment and the in...

Butachlor is the most commonly used herbicide in Taiwan and many other countries. It has been reported to be an indirect mutagen and carcinogen in various in vitro assay systems. Previous investigation has also demonstrated that butachlor stimulates cell proliferation, transforms normal embryonic cells, and induces stomach tumors in Spraque-Dawley rats. However, the mechanism of butachlor carci...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of butachlor, a widely used herbicide, on antioxidant enzyme system and lipid peroxidation formation in African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of butachlor 1, 2, 2.5 ppm and sacrificed 24hrs after treatment. A significant increase in malondialdehyde formation was observed in the liver, kidn...

Butachlor is the most commonly used herbicide on paddy fields in Taiwan and throughout Southeast Asia. Since paddy fields provide habitat for pond breeding amphibians, we examined growth, development, time to metamorphosis, and survival of alpine cricket frog tadpoles (Fejervarya limnocharis) exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of butachlor. We documented negative impacts of but...

The present study was aimed to isolate a multiple herbicide resistant strain [(MHR)] of Anabaena variabilis exhibiting resistance against four common rice-field herbicides, viz., Arozin, Alachlor, Butachlor and 2,4-D. The multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) strain was isolated by spontaneous mutational techniques. Of the four spontaneously occurring mutants, Arozin resistant mutant (Ar-R) exhibi...

Rhodococcus sp. strain B1 could degrade 100 mg/L butachlor within 5 days. Butachlor was first hydrolyzed by strain B1 through N-dealkylation, which resulted in the production of butoxymethanol and 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide. Butoxymethanol could be further degraded and utilized as the carbon source for the growth of strain B1, whereas 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide coul...

In the present study, butachlor (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm) induced toxicity in Nostoc muscorum and their degradation was evaluated. The dose of butachlor dependent decreased in the cell survival and growth of N. muscorum was noticed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the adverse impact on the cell size and shapes. Low concentrations of butachlor (10 and 20 ppm) induced the over expression o...

Experiments were carried out in the field and laboratory during 2001-02 to study the persistence of three herbicides, namely butachlor, pretilachlor (Rifit) and 2,4-D in a rice – rice system and the effect of their residues on soil micro flora. Irrespective of the seasons and treatments, all the three herbicides dissipated quickly from soil and no residues were detected at the time of harvest. ...

The phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D amine, 2,4-DIBE-butachlor; butachlor, benthiocarb and molinate on rice plants were assessed. Applications of the herbicides at different time resulted in severe phytotoxicity when applied before seeding. Early postemergent applications were also generally phytotoxic, adversely affecting plant growth and grain yield. Late applications 8 to 10 weeks after seeding we...

Freshwater cat fish Clarias batrachus was exposed to Butachlor, Imidacloprid and Sodium fluoride with lethal and sub-lethal concentration for 72 hrs and 21 days durations. Protein changes in liver and muscles were analyzed after exposure period. Imidacloprid and sodium fluoride caused remarkable protein loss lethal concentration but at sub-lethal level their toxicity was moderate. But Butachlor...