Measurement error causes a downward bias when estimating a panel data linear regression model. The panel data context offers various opportunities to derive moment conditions that result in consistent GMM estimators. We consider three sources of moment conditions: (i) restrictions on the intertemporal covariance matrix of the errors in the equations, (ii) heteroskedasticity and nonlinearity in ...

The Easterlin hypothesis emphasizes the effect of relative cohort size on fertility. Models based on the Easterlin hypothesis have performed well in explaining time series fertility data, although these results have been for long historical time series and have typically been restricted to single country studies. These models are not adequate to determine if the hypothesis still holds and if th...

Do Labour Market Institutions Matter? Micro-Level Wage Effects of International Outsourcing in Three European Countries This paper studies the impact of outsourcing on individual wages in three European countries with markedly different labour market institutions: Germany, the UK and Denmark. To do so we use individual level data sets for the three countries and construct comparable measures of...

This article reports Monte Carlo results on the simulated maximum likelihood estimation of discrete panel statistical models. Among them are Markov, Generalized Poly, Renewal, and Habit Persistence Models with or without unobserved heterogeneity and serially correlated disturbances. We investigate statistical properties and computational performance of simulated maximum likelihood methods and a...

Following the present atmosphere of budgetary cuts we analyze the effects of fiscal consolidation on the composition of government expenditures by functions. Using a dynamic voter group decision model and exploiting the panel structure of the dataset – 26 OECD countries over the period 1970-1997by GMM estimation we find that fiscal adjustments protect social expenditure. Nevertheless, we find t...

Intergenerational Mobility: Trends Across the Earnings Distribution The analysis, based on register data for Norwegian cohorts born 1950, 1955, and 1960, shows that the intergenerational earnings mobility is high. Using quantile regression, mobility is found to be lower at the lower end of the earnings distribution than at the upper end. The findings also indicate that mobility increases over t...

We develop a horizontal R&D growth model that allows us to investigate the different channels through which financial reforms affect investment and patent activity. First, “micro” reform abolishes barriers entry in banking sector produces straightforward result: decrease lending rates stimulates economic growth. Second, “macro” removes restrictions on banks’ reserves credit controls. While this...

In this study, fermentation strategies were carried out for improving the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances by Lactobacillus brevis C23 with nutrient supplementation, pH, and temperature variations, as well fed-batch cultivation. The BLIS activity was highest (91.52%) in MRS medium supplemented 1.5% (w/v) lactose 1% meat extract. pH 5 augmented both cell biomass activity, but...

The aim of this study is to examine the impact legal audit quality on likelihood accounting fraud, for a sample 48 companies listed Tunisian stock market over period between 2014 and 2018. Based logit panel regression, we have shown that firm's membership in one Big networks rotation external auditors are two major determinants reduction cases fraud companies. In addition, results showed joint ...