Gene transfer has therapeutic potential for treating HIV-1 infection by generating cells that are resistant to the virus. We have engineered a novel self-inactivating lentiviral vector, LVsh5/C46, using two viral-entry inhibitors to block early steps of HIV-1 cycle. The LVsh5/C46 vector encodes a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for downregulation of CCR5, in combination with the HIV-1 fusion inhibito...

Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region of the HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein, so-called C peptides, are very efficient HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. We previously developed innovative gene therapeutic approaches aiming at the direct in vivo production of C peptides from genetically modified host cells and found that T cells expressing membrane-anchored or secreted C pept...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of target cells requires CD4 and a co-receptor, predominantly the chemokine receptor CCR5. CCR5-delta32 homozygosity results in a truncated protein providing natural protection against HIV infection-this without detrimental effects to the host-and transplantation of CCR5-delta32 stem cells in a patient with HIV ("Berlin patient") achieved vi...

Traditional fragmented and mechanistic science is unable to cope with issues about sustainability, as these are often related to complex, self-organizing systems. In the paper, sustainable development is seen as an unending process defined neither by fixed goals nor by specific means of achieving them. It is argued that, in order to understand the sources of and the solutions to modern problems...

This note solves the puzzle of estimating degenerate Wishart Autoregressive processes, introduced by Gourieroux, Jasiak and Sufana (2009) to model multivariate stochastic volatility. It derives the asymptotic and empirical properties of the Method of Moment estimator of the Wishart degrees of freedom subject to different stationarity assumptions and specific distributional settings of the under...

We discover two distinct topological pathways through which the pentagonal Cairo tiling (P5), a structural model for single-layer $A{B}_{2}$ pyrite materials, respectively transforms into crystalline rhombus-hexagon (C46) and random rhombus-pentagon-hexagon (R456) tilings, by continuously introducing Stone-Wales (SW) defects. find these transformations are controlled orientation correlations am...

Herein we address the total synthesis of the natural product oasomycin A by assembly of the C1–C12, C13–C28, and C29–C46 subunits, whose syntheses have been described in the preceding Communications. The synthesis plan (Scheme 1) incorporates a speculative late-stage macrolactonization of the linear seco acid precursor to form a 42-membered lactone that upon global deprotection would provide th...

A new polymorph of the title compound, C(36)H(30)OSi(2)·2C(7)H(8), is reported, which is triclinic (P-1) instead of possessing the previously reported rhombohedral symmetry [Hönle et al. (1990). Acta Cryst. C46, 1982-1984]. Each of the -SiPh(3) units are related by the inversion center. The Si-O-Si moiety is linear with the O atom sitting on an inversion center, and the O-Si-(toluene ring centr...

The title compound, C(12)H(10)N(2)O, a second monoclinic poly-morph of (E)-phen-yl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone oxime crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/n (Z = 4). The previously reported polymorph [Taga et al. (1990 ▶). Acta Cryst. C46, 2241-2243] occurs in the space group C2/c (Z = 8). In the crystal, pairs of bifurcated O-H⋯(N,O) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into inversion dimers. The dim...

The expression of biotype-specific epitopes in cells infected with cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was analysed by immunofluorescence. Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against different epitopes on the viral glycoprotein gp48 were used. With cells infected with cpBVDV strain NADL, the four MAbs yielded a strong and granular cytoplasmic fluo...