The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an essential tool for the measurement of surface characteristics of diverse materials on a microand nanoscale level [1]. The resolution of measurements for the AFM cantilever is related to its vibration sensitivity. Many researchers have much interest in studying the resonant frequency and sensitivity analysis of AFM cantilevers [2 4]. Cracks may be ...

Neutralization of external stimuli in dynamic systems has the major role in health, life, and function of the system. Today, dynamic systems are exposed to unpredicted factors. If the factors are not considered, it will lead to irreparable damages in energy consumption and manufacturing systems. Continuous systems such as beams, plates, shells, and panels that have many applications in differen...

The paper presents a practical robust controller design methodology based on recent theoretical results on minimax LQG control. This controller design methodology is illustrated with the design of a robust feedback controller for the control of vibrations in a flexible cantilever beam. The minimax LQG control approach is used to design a controller which minimizes the total vibration energy in ...

A novel wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) based temperature-compensated vibration sensor utilizing a flexible Y-cut quartz cantilever beam with a relatively substantial proof mass and two one-port resonators is developed. One resonator acts as the sensing device adjacent to the clamped end for maximum strain sensitivity, and the other one is used as the reference located on clamp...

Polyvinylidene Flouride (PVDF) is a film-type polymer that has been used as sensors and actuators in various applications due to its mechanical toughness, flexibility, and low density. A PVDF sensor typically covers an area of the host structure over which mechanical stress/strain is averaged and converted to electrical energy. This study investigates the fundamental "stress-averaging" mechanis...

This is the second of two papers describing a procedure for the three-dimensional nonlinear time-history analysis of steelframed buildings. An overview of the procedure and the theory for the panel zone element and the plastic hinge beam element are presented in part I. In this paper, the theory for an efficient new element for modeling beams and columns in steel frames called the elastofiber e...

The mode I energy release rate, including the effect of residual stresses, was evaluated for both adhesive and laminate double cantilever beam specimens. The energy release rate can be partitioned into a mechanical term and a residual stress term in beam theory. The beamtheory mechanical term is not very accurate, but can be corrected by a slight modification to a previous correction factor. Th...

A beam finite element formulation for large deflection problems in the analysis of flexible multibody systems has been proposed. In this formulation, a set of independent deformation modes are defined for each element that do not change if the element is subjected to rigid body motions. The paper examines the applicability of this deformation mode formulation for a shear-deformable three-dimens...

Quantitative force spectroscopy experiments require a comprehensive knowledge of the frequency response characteristics of the micro-cantilever. To establish a generic theoretical model an analytical mathematical description of the cantilever dynamics in force spectroscopy was developed using a transfer function approach. This study allows for quantitative evaluation of force spectroscopy exper...

This paper reports on mass sensing with 33 nm thick single-crystalline cantilevers by a double-beam laser Doppler vibrometer. The resonant frequency of an oscillating thin cantilever beam is very sensitive to a loaded mass. However, the drift of the resonance, due to gas adsorption and mechanical instability, limits the minimum detectable mass in general. Two cantilevers for sensing and its ref...