Abstract The subcutaneous air pouch is an in vivo model that can be used to study the components of acute and chronic inflammation, resolution inflammatory response, oxidative stress potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammation. Injection irritants into rats or mice induces response quantified by volume exudate produced, infiltration cells, release mediators. presented this article h...

Nitric oxide is one of many proinflammatory mediators that are involved in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory disorder and is synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS is transcriptionally regulated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cases of inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It has also been reported that nitric oxide is positively regulated by carrageenan and ...

BACKGROUND We have recently demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) inhibits the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) activity in selected model systems such as macrophages, microglia, smooth muscle cells, and proposed that this effect might be associated with an anti-inflammatory activity of this hormone. Here we investigate the effects of endogenous estrogens in rats subjected...

BACKGROUND Crocin and safranal are the active substances of saffron and have many biological properties. In the present study, we compared the effects of crocin, safranal and diclofenac on local inflammation and its induced pain in rats. METHODS Local inflammation was induced by intraplantar (ipl) injection of carrageenan (100 μl, 2%). Paw thickness was measured before and after carrageenan i...

Obesity is associated with several co-morbidities including chronic pain. Systemic low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been proposed to underlie these phenomena. This study characterized pain inflammation, levels the cytokine visfatin, in a rodent model obesity, investigated whether treatment visfatin inhibitor, FK866, has anti-inflammatory and/or analges...

Anti-inflammatory activity of Indonesian polyherbal product containing Curcuma zanthorrhiza and Vitex trifolia as the main ingredients in carrageenan- histamine-induced inflammation Wistar rats

INTRODUCTION Calotropis procera is known to produce contact dermatitis and the latex of this plant produces intense inflammation when injected locally. However, the precise mode of its pro-inflammatory effect is not known. In present study we have pharmacologically characterized the inflammation induced by latex of C. procera in a rat paw edema model and determined the role of histamine in late...

Scorpions of the genus Tityus are responsible for the majority of envenomation in Brazil, the Tityus serrulatus species being the most common and dangerous in South America. In this approach, we have investigated the ability of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Aspidosperma pyrifolium in reducing carrageenan-induced inflammation and the inflammation induced by T. serrulatus envenomation in...

Objective(s):Recently anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants have been demonstrated. Venlafaxine belongs to newer antidepressants with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibition property. The pain alleviating properties of venlafaxine in different pain models such as neurogenic pain, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia have been demonstrated. Anti-inflammatory effects of venlafaxine a...

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces pain through central mechanisms involving spinal cord and brainstem sites. Since TENS acts through central mechanisms, we hypothesized that TENS will reduce chronic bilateral hyperalgesia produced by unilateral inflammation when applied either ipsilateral or contralateral to the site of muscle inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were inje...