Case hardening is a feature of dried wood that causes the wood to deform (cup) after re-sawing and equalising the moisture content. VTT has analysed case hardening with the aid of the simulation model PEO and with experimental drying, conditioning and storage tests. Case hardening cannot be predicted by the moisture content gradient alone. However, the case hardening gap after drying to a high ...

A well-known lower bound widely used in the massive MIMO literature hinges on channel hardening, i.e., the phenomenon for which, thanks to the large number of antennas, the effective channel coefficients resulting from beamforming tend to deterministic quantities. If the channel hardening effect does not hold sufficiently well, this bound may be quite far from the actual achievable rate. In rec...

Stress and deformation analysis of the simple shear at finite strain of a strainhardening elastoplastic hollow circular cylinder is given. Both isotropic and anisotropic hardening models are considered. In the case of isotropic hardening, there is a closed form analytical solution. No normal stresses exist in this case. Purely kinematic hardening with a Mises-type yield condition is utilized as...

This paper presents a summary of the new semi-analytical integration method presented in [10] for von Mises elastoplasticity model with combined linear isotropic-kinematic hardening within a small deformation range. Solutions for the case of constant strain rate and constant stress rate assumptions are also presented. Furthemore, it is shown how the general solution reduces to the particular ca...

This paper derives kinematic admissible bending moment – axial force (M-P) interaction relations for mild steel by considering strain hardening idealisations. Two models for strain hardening – Linear and parabolic have been considered, the parabolic model being closer to the experiments. The interaction relations can predict strains, which is not possible in a rigid, perfectly plastic idealizat...

This paper studies the interaction between non-viscous damping and nonlinearities for nonlinear oscillators with reflection symmetry. The non-viscous damping function is an exponential damping model which adds a decaying memory property to the damping term of the oscillator. We consider the case of softening and hardening behaviour in the frequency response of the system. Numerical simulations ...

The change in near-tip stress field in Small Scale Yielding (SSY) for cracks located at an interface between two materials with different plastic work hardening is investigated. The difference in hardening is termed hardening mismatch, and is quantified through the parameter n, which is the difference in hardening exponent between the two materials. For cracks in elastic-ideally plastic materia...