The degree of meat adhesion to different kinds of plastic casings was examined in retort sterilized fish sausages. It was found that the plastic casings of great wettability such as polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyester and polyamide brought about greater meat adhesion than the ones of low wettability such as polyethylene and polypropylene. If polyethylene casing was modif...

Certain phosphates have been identified as suitable additives for the improvement of the microbial and mechanical properties of processed natural sausage casings. When mixed with NaCl (sodium chloride) and used under specific treatment and storage conditions, these phosphates are found to prevent the spread of foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever via treated casings. The commerciall...

Intestines are used for the production of natural casings as edible sausage containers. Derived from animals (pigs and sheep) experimentally infected with FMDV (initial dosage 10(7.3) PFU/ml, strain O(1Kaufbeuren)), these natural casings were treated with sodium chloride or a phosphate salts/sodium chloride mixture and the residual FMDV titres measured. After storage at about 20 degrees C, no r...

Preservation of natural sausage casings using dry salt or saturated brine is regarded as sufficient to inactivate vegetative pathogenic non-spore-forming bacteria present on the casings. Although the outgrowth of bacterial spores is prevented by salt or saturated brine preservation, these spores will remain present and develop into vegetative cells when conditions are more favourable. To preven...

Standard bullets and casings are currently under development to support the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) in the U.S. Based on a numerically controlled diamond turning technique, 20 RM 8240 standard bullets were fabricated in 2002. Test results show high repeatability and reproducibility for the bullet signatures on these RM bullets. Prototype standard casings were ...

Friction ridge detail was enhanced on f ired and unfired 9 mm brass Luger ammunition casings using three techniques, two involving gun blue reagent at a concentration of 50% v/v. Fingermarks were deposited on 90 ammunition casings, and half were discharged using a Glock 19 semiautomatic pistol. Mark development was achieved using either superglue fuming followed by basic yellow 40 f luorescent ...

The antimicrobial properties of salt (NaCl) used for the preservation of natural casings were studied by investigating the survival of six bacterial species in natural casings at different water activity (aw) levels. Individual sheep casings were inoculated with ca. 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) g(-1) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,...

Within the field of Crime Scene Investigation, searching for evidence is both an art and a science. This is especially true when searching for expended shell casings. Currently, the use of various geometric search patterns, as well as, the use of metal detectors comprises the main methods of searching for shell casings. Modern technology is constantly evolving; therefore, it is crucial that the...

Cellulose sausage cellulose casings are used extensively in the manufacture of sausages in meat packaging. After stripping the meat, spent asings mainly contain cellulose and residual meat juice with salt, nitrate and nitrite. Disposal of spent sausage casings has serious economic nd environmental concerns for the sausage industry. This work describes bioconversion of spent cellulose casings (S...