Asymmetrical power relations between centre and periphery have been analysed for decades by scholars, who pointed out the cumulative advantages of centres social, political economic disadvantages dependent peripheries. The common element theories with a multidisciplinary approach is that tends to keep draining its resources. At same time, positive mission provide services job opportunities peri...

Collaborative crowdsourcing has become a popular approach to organizing work across the globe. Being global also means being vulnerable to shocks – unforeseen events that disrupt crowds – that originate from any country. In this study, we examine changes in collaborative behavior of editors of Chinese Wikipedia that arise due to the 2005 government censorship in mainland China. Using the exogen...

Dear Editor, a new H1N1 pandemic flu is approaching Europe. In Italy, the results obtained from the “ECMOnet” network, for the centralization of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in structures with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, are encouraging (1,2) but far from being exhaustive, mainly because of the small number of patients treated. The ECMO techni...

Antigen-dependent T cell activation drives the formation of signaling microclusters containing the adaptor SLP-76. Costimulatory integrins regulate SLP-76 phosphorylation and could influence SLP-76 microclusters in the integrin-rich periphery of the immune synapse. We report that costimulation by the integrin VLA-4 (alpha4beta1) required SLP-76 domains implicated in microcluster assembly. Pro-a...

In resting platelets, the GPb-IX complex, the receptor for the von Willebrand factor (vWF), is linked to underlying actin filaments by actin-binding protein (ABP-280). Thrombin stimulation of human platelets leads to a decrease in the surface expression of the GPb-IX complex, which is redistributed from the platelet surface into the open canalicular system (OCS). Because the centralization of G...

OBJECTIVE Repeated end-range spinal movements producing specific pain responses (i.e. centralization or non-centralization) may be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. However, possible associations between psychological factors and pain responses have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between pain responses in repeated end-range spinal movement te...

We examine the extent of policy experimentation under decentralization and centralization. More speci cally, we study the incentive for experimentation in an environment where there is uncertainty about the payo of policies as well as the competence of policymakers. Voters form beliefs about the policymakers upon observing noisy signals. Policymakers are concerned about their reputation to the ...

People have long speculated about the relation between information technology (IT) and centralization in organizations. For example, previous research has reported various cases in which IT appears to have led to more centralization, more decentralization, or no change in centralization. In this paper we describe a simple new way to model the relationship between IT and the structure of organiz...

Metaphors, such as the Cathedral and Bazaar, used to describe the organization of FLOSS projects typically place them in sharp contrast to proprietary development by emphasizing FLOSS’s distinctive social and communications structures. But what do we really know about the communication patterns of FLOSS projects? How generalizable are the projects that have been studied? Is there consistency ac...