Through the interaction of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells, efficacious vaccines can generate high-affinity, pathogen-neutralizing antibodies, and memory B cells. Using CXCR5, CXCR3, CCR6, CCR7, PD1, and ICOS as markers, Tfh-like cells can be identified in the circulation and be classified into three functionally distinct subsets that are PD1+ICOS+, PD1+ ICOS-, or PD1-ICOS-. We used...

Volume 82, Number 12 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 1541 The bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) recombinant vaccine (Cervarix) is the second vaccine to be approved in the United States for the prevention of cervical cancer, cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) caused by HPV types 16 and 18.1 These HPV types currently cause 70 percent of all ...

Vaccinations against the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer. HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccines (Cervarix) are said to have favourable safety profiles. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can occur following exposure to a drug or a biological agent. We report a case of ILD associated with a Cervarix vaccination. A woman in her 40's, with a histo...

On October 16, 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2; Cervarix, GlaxoSmithKline) for use in females aged 10 through 25 years. Cervarix is the second human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine licensed for use in females in the United States. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine (HPV4; Gardasil, Merck & Co, Inc.) was licensed in 2006 for use in females age...

Nearly a half a million women throughout the world develop cervical cancer every year Parkin and Bray ("Chapter 2. The burden of HPVrelated cancers," Vaccine, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. S11-S25, 2006); 80% of these women are in countries without a quality-assured cytology screening program. It is in this setting that Cervarix could reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to about 9.5/100,000 women. Ne...

Human papillomavirus is known to be the major pathogen of cervical cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of a bivalent human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA vaccine system following repeated dosing in mice and pigs using a recombinant baculovirus bearing human endogenous retrovirus envelope protein (AcHERV) as a vector. The intramuscular administration of AcHERV-based HPV16L1 and HPV18L1 DNA v...

BACKGROUND The current generation of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix® and Gardasil®, exhibit a high degree of efficacy in clinical trials against the two high-risk (HR) genotypes represented in the vaccines (HPV16 and HPV18). High levels of neutralizing antibodies are elicited against the vaccine types, consistent with preclinical data showing that neutralizing antibodies can medi...

BACKGROUND The national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination roll-out in South Africa provides two doses of Cervarix to all female Grade 4 learners in state schools. This study estimated the costs of vaccinating all learners in KwaZulu-Natal Province (females or males and females) using either the two- or three-dose strategies for both the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines. OBJECTIVE To de...

Cervical cancer, caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the third largest cause of female mortality over the world with an estimated 500,000 cases and 270,000 deaths annually [1]. Nevertheless there are only two vaccines are available in the world market to protect cervical cancer. Gardasil® (Merck, USA)) and Cervarix® (GlaxoSmithKline, UK) are both Virus Like Particle (VLP) based vaccines and...