Leguminous plants form root nodules, in which symbiotic rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. The nodulation process in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis consists of a series of events initiated by an exchange of specific signaling compounds between the two partners. The roots of leguminous plants secrete flavonoids, which trigger the synthesis of lipochitin-oligosac‐ charide signaling molecules, Nod...

avoiding cytolysis or membrane disruption. After incuba tion, the mixtures were centrifuged, and 105,000 x g supernatants were subjected to gel filtration. The macromolecular peak fractions thus obtained contained about 2% radio activity of the whole cells or 50% radioactivity of the plasma membranes. They showed several physical and chemical features characteristic of acid mucopolysaccharides....

10 While human gut microbiomes vary significantly in taxonomic composition, biological 11 pathway abundance is surprisingly invariable across hosts. We hypothesized that healthy 12 microbiomes appear functionally redundant due to factors that obscure differences in gene 13 abundance across hosts. To account for these biases, we developed a powerful test of gene 14 variability, applicable to sho...

avoiding cytolysis or membrane disruption. After incuba tion, the mixtures were centrifuged, and 105,000 x g supernatants were subjected to gel filtration. The macromolecular peak fractions thus obtained contained about 2% radio activity of the whole cells or 50% radioactivity of the plasma membranes. They showed several physical and chemical features characteristic of acid mucopolysaccharides....

A rise of the polysaccharide associated with serum proteins has been noted in malignancy and in several other conditions (7). Seibert, Pfaff, and Seibert (4) determined the carbohydrate content of normal plasma protein fractions isolated by the low temperature ethanolic procedure of Cohn et al. (1) and foundconsiderablecarbohydrateto be associated with all globulin fractions. It would be of int...

the humoral immunization potential of panax ginseng polysaccharide (gps) against h9n2 avian influenza virus (h9n2 aiv) in chickens was investigated. the effects of gps treatment before and during h9n2 aiv infection were determined in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) by mtt (3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and quantitative rt-pcr analysis of mhc and cytokine...

Systemic inflammation in osteoarthritis Several studies have shown that the acute phase response may take place in osteoarthritis (OA), suggesting that low grade systemic inflammation may be present in patients with OA. 1 2 I read with interest the paper by Stürmer et al on high sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) in relation to the severity and extent of OA. 3 As assessed by high sensitivity ...