research on multiword clusters (chunks) is based on the assumption that native speakers use plenty of chunks in their everyday language and they are considered as fluent speakers of language. therefore the present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of using chunks on speaking fluency of iranian efl learners. in the first phase of the study, the students of two intermediate classes s...

Chunks (or phrases) once played a pivotal role in machine translation. By using a chunk rather than a word as the basic translation unit, local (intrachunk) and global (inter-chunk) word orders and dependencies can be easily modeled. The chunk structure, despite its importance, has not been considered in the decoders used for neural machine translation (NMT). In this paper, we propose chunk-bas...

This paper describes a CoNLL-style chunk representation for the Tübingen Treebank of Written German, which assumes a flat chunk structure so that each word belongs to at most one chunk. For German, such a chunk definition causes problems in cases of complex prenominal modification. We introduce a flat annotation that can handle these structures via a stranded noun chunk.

Previous research has revealed that task-switch costs (worse performance for task switches than for task repetitions) at the first position of an explicit task sequence are eliminated or reduced when repeating or switching sequences. The authors hypothesize that such effects are restricted to points in the sequence representation that are associated with sequence-level processing such as chunk ...

A Chunk by chunk-based allocation is an emerging subcarrier allocation in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) due to its low complexity. In this paper, a combined userorder and chunk-order allocation for solving chunk allocation problem which minimizes the average BER of all users while improving the throughput in SC-FDMA uplink is proposed. The subcarrier grouping into ...

Chunk decomposition is an aspect of problem solving that involves decomposing a pattern into its component parts in order to regroup them into a new pattern. Previous work suggests that the primary source of difficulty in chunk decomposition is whether a problem's solution requires removing a part that is a meaningful perceptual pattern (termed a chunk) or not (a non-chunk). However, the role o...