Atheists sometimes use Bertrand Russell’s teapot argument, and its variants with other objects in place of the teapot, to argue for the rationality of atheism. In this paper I show that this use of the teapot argument and its variants is unacceptably circular. The circularity arises because there is indirect evidence against the objects invoked in the arguments.

The goal of this paper is to present Yabloesque versions of Grelling’s and Zwicker’s paradoxes concerning the notions of “heterological” and “hypergame” respectively. We will offer counterparts of these paradoxes that do not seem to involve self-reference or vicious circularity.

Green economy is a sustainable concept that has set the pace for industrial innovations across globe. This reflected in manufacturing, processing, and production processes. There paradigm shift definition understanding of green (GE) linkages to symbiosis (IS), ecology (IE) clean development mechanism (CDM). We hypothesize this study by responding question, "How defined model eco-friendly p...

Purpose Despite the systemic nature of circular economy (CE), theorisation that draws from a supply network perspective is only incipient. Moreover, operations and chain management (OSCM) field has engaged in little dialogue with circularity. This study explores social analysis (SNA) to depict how shift linear not leads higher rates resource economy, repair recycle but also reshapes governance ...

With the European Green Deal, importance of recycled products and materials has increased. Specifically, for PET bottles, a high content material (rPET) is demanded by industry consumers. This study was carried out in lab environment replicating real-life industrial processes, to investigate possible impacts on rPET quality over eleven recycling loops, aiming use amounts repetitively. A cycle i...

The world currently faces significant hydrologic changes associated with global climate change, such as in precipitation patterns, rising surface temperature, and increases the frequency intensity of floods droughts, which will affect design capacity operating characteristics dams/reservoirs. This brings new challenges to current water management strategies. research is aimed create, apply, pro...

Abstract Kant's critique of rational psychology is a thought experiment that targets no individual or school, but rather the natural tendency human reason to “hypostatize” highest intellectual condition all cognition (the pure ‘I think’) as though it were itself ‘I.’ To do so violate very anti-circularity stricture also at work in better-known transcendental critiques Locke and Hume. Along with...

Like Alex Byrne and Michael Tye, I accept Intentionalism about visual experience. Therefore I agree with them that “qualia ain’t in the head”: roughly, to have a visual experience is to stand in a relation, the “awareness relation” or the “sensory representation relation”, to a cluster of properties outside the head (Pautz 2006, 27). My target in Pautz (2006) was the further claim, defended by ...