the taxpayers’ rights must be considered the most important portion of tax laws by tax organization subject to all broad powers and authorities; the thing that has been widely noted in our modern world taking the human and citizenship rights into special consideration by taxation system of developed countries. they also applied various methods to illustrate and execute them in their tax laws. i...

Sexual citizenship and sexual rights scholarship have made important contributions to broadening citizenship and more fully accommodating rights related to sexuality. However, this scholarship has concentrated primarily on the sexuality and intimacy-related needs of younger people and those who are not cognitively impaired. Consequently, it has inadvertently served to marginalize persons living...

This paper will consider whether extending the notion of social citizenship to include legal citizenship offers the possibility of developing a gender-neutral and -inclusive conception of citizenship. The notion of legal citizenship encapsulates the view that all people are equal before the law and have a right to access to justice. Legal citizenship extends the idea of social citizenship, firs...

In this article two distinct but related questions are addressed. First, can the politics of ecology be articulated in terms of citizenship? An affirmative answer is given to this question, and an outline of ‘ecological citizenship’ is presented. This gives rise to the second question: how does ecological citizenship affect the idea of citizenship itself? This question is answered through the a...

In The Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt criticises the “abstract nakedness” of human rights and the dangers of statelessness. She invokes the “right to have rights” as the only universal right, identifying the fundamental aporia of human rights: despite the claim to universality, rights are only ever granted to those belonging to particular political communities. Through the case of th...

The purpose of this Article is to demonstrate that felon exclusion laws are not race neutral and that the application of the laws has a racially discriminatory effect, and to call for their abolition. The laws contribute to the erosion of citizenship rights for the individual African-American exfelon, and the undermining of the collective citizenship rights of the larger African-American commun...