introduction: antibiotic supplements are regularly used in neuronal culture media to control contamination however, they can interfere with the neuronal excitability and affect electrophysiological properties. therefore, in this study, the effect of penicillin/streptomycin supplements on the spontaneous electrophysiological activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was examined. methods: electr...

background: ketamine is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic which produces dissociation anesthesia, analgesia, and amnesia. the mechanism of ketamine-induced synaptic inhibition in high-level cortical areas is still unknown. we aimed to elucidate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the glutamatergic synaptic transmission of the neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex b...

Much of what we know about the properties of ion channels in cell membranes has come from experiments using voltage clamp. In general, the method allows ion flow across a cell membrane to be measured as electric current, whilst the membrane voltage is held under experimental control with a feedback amplifier. The method was first developed by Cole (1949) and Hodgkin et al. (1952) for use with t...

A novel ZVZCS isolated dual series-resonant active-clamp dc–dc converter is proposed to obtain high efficiency. The proposed converter employs an active-clamp technique, while a series-resonant scheme controls the output voltage with the complementary pulse width modulation controller. The active-clamp circuit serves to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance or the magnetizing ...

The activity of the cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1.1) undergoes continuous modulation during the contraction-relaxation cycle because of the accompanying changes in the electrochemical gradients for Na(+) and Ca(2+). In addition, NCX1.1 activity is also modulated via secondary, ionic regulatory mechanisms mediated by Na(+) and Ca(2+). In an effort to evaluate how ionic regulation influenc...

ion channels are responsible for control of cell function in excitable tissues such as heart and brain and also in organs and tissues traditionally thought to be non- excitable including liver and epithelium. in the present research, the effect of lead (pb2+) on ca2+ -dependent action potential and currents was studied in f77 neuronal soma membrane of helix aspersa. for this purpose, action pot...

The effect of riluzole on Kv4.3 was examined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Riluzole inhibited the peak amplitude of Kv4.3 in a reversible, concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 115.6 microM. Under control conditions, a good fit for the inactivation of Kv4.3 currents to a double exponential function, with the time constants of the fast component (tau(f)) and the slow com...