purpose : to assess the results of 1-minute and 5-minute schirmer's test (st) when the eyes are open (sto) and closed (stc) in normal participants. methods : in a comparative, observational case series study, 34 normal volunteers were included in the study. inclusion criteria were normal ophthalmologic findings except for refractive errors, no use of contact lenses, no history of previous ...

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a modified Schirmer test to determine the increase in tear volume after administration of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (diquafosol 3%) in dry eye patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized, multicenter, prospective, double-blind clinical study recruited 50 qualified subjects. They received diquafosol 3% in one eye and artificial tear...

  Introduction: There is a limited number of case reports published in the past decade confirming the radio-iodine presence in the tear. These observations as well as reported cases of salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction after radioiodine therapy stimulated investigators to clarify whether lacrimal gland function can be affected post-radioiodine therapy. Hence we ...

BACKGROUND Dry eye is the most common ocular morbidity found in elderly patients. There is no gold standard/standard test for diagnosing dry eye. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to compare the potential of Phenol Red Thread (PRT) test versus Schirmer Test in diagnosing dry eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 50 patients, aged 40 years and above. History of dry e...

TO THE EDITOR: The Schirmer (Shirmer) I test is one of the old tests available for dry eye diagnosis and is a test to measure reflex tear secretion. It is performed on unanesthetised eyes. A standard filter paper is placed with its notched tip bent around the lower lid margin at the junction of the middle and outer third. With the eyes closed for 5 minutes, the Schirmer paper is measured from t...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without Sjögren syndrome (SS), and to investigate the correlation between dry eye and RA activity. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. METHODS In 72 RA patients, the severity of dry eye was assessed by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, rose bengal staining, and fluorescein staining. The RA act...

There are as many as one-third of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who suffer from dry eye syndrome. To this date, dry eye syndrome in SLE patients is believed to be caused by secondary Sjogren syndrome (sSS). However, there is increasing evidence for possible independency of dry eye syndrome and sSS in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this retrospectiv...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in an elderly Korean population. METHODS This population-based study in Yongin, Korea, included 657 individuals 65 years or older randomly selected from an official household registration database. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using a 6-item questionnaire, and DED was defined as having 1 or more dry eye sympt...

PURPOSE To determine whether measurable preoperative characteristics predispose patients to chronic dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS The study consisted of 24 eyes of 24 patients who underwent LASIK. Tear breakup time, Schirmer testing with and without anesthesia, rose bengal staining, central corneal sensitivity, nucleus-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and goblet cell densit...