Despite the fact that scientific and political consideration for ecosystem services has dramatically increased over the past decade, few studies have focused on marine and coastal ecosystem services for conservation strategies. We used an ecosystem services approach to assess spatial distributions of habitat risks and four ecosystem services (coastal protection, carbon storage, recreation, and ...

the “driving force - pressure - state - impact – response” modeling framework isadopted to consider the formation mechanisms of environmental risks and the requirements ofecological environment protection. moreover, a systematical index system and evaluation model forthe measurement of the coastal ecological security level is put forward in this paper to assess thestate of coastal ecological en...

Nobre, A.M and Ferreira, J.G., 2009. Integration of ecosystem-based tools to support coastal zone management. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 56 (Proceedings of the 10th International Coastal Symposium), pg – pg. Lisbon, Portugal, ISBN Over the past decades policy makers have defined new legislative and policy instruments to address coastal ecosystem degradation. It is important to provide coas...

introduction a considerable percentage of the world’s population is living in the coastal areas. thus, there are many different kinds of problems in these regions. because of the large amount of the people in these areas, their ecosystems are confronted with huge and serious problems. there are different types of arrangements for preventing destruction of ecosystems around the seas. unified man...

Because conventional markets value only certain goods or services in the ocean (e.g. fish), other services provided by coastal and marine ecosystems that are not priced, paid for, or stewarded tend to become degraded. In fact, the very capacity of an ecosystem to produce a valued good or service is often reduced because conventional markets value only certain goods and services, rather than the...

both climate change and anthropogenic impact are creating a dynamic of continuous changes in ecosystems. while the expected consequences of these changes are global, the occurrence of extreme events and specific environmental problems are usually local or regional phenomenon. in particular, the coastal ecosystems are among the first vulnerable areas to show those changes; in spite of this, are...

Coastal habitats are situated on the border between land and sea, and ecosystem structure and functioning is influenced by both marine and terrestrial processes. Despite this, most scientific studies and monitoring are conducted either with a terrestrial or an aquatic focus. To address issues concerning climate change impacts in coastal areas, a cross-ecosystem approach is necessary. Since habi...

BACKGROUND Research on ecosystem services has grown exponentially during the last decade. Most of the studies have focused on assessing and mapping terrestrial ecosystem services highlighting a knowledge gap on marine and coastal ecosystem services (MCES) and an urgent need to assess them. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We reviewed and summarized existing scientific literature related to MCES...

ing from the technical measurement difficulties, there are a number of general benefits that accrue to society from its interaction with any large-scale ecosystem such as coastal wetlands (Pearce and Turner 1990). Ecosystems supply both stock and flow resources that can be used as direct and indirect inputs to production and consumption activities, thereby generating productivity and growth in ...

Coastal marine habitats at the interface of land and sea are subject to threats from human activities in both realms. Researchers have attempted to quantify how these various threats impact different coastal ecosystems, and more recently have focused on understanding the cumulative impact from multiple threats. Here, the top threats to coastal marine ecosystems and recent efforts to understand ...