sea shores of gilan province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in iran. this area have valuable forests and grasslands. in addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. however waste management instruction have been ratified in iran, there isn’t any specific...

introduction a considerable percentage of the world’s population is living in the coastal areas. thus, there are many different kinds of problems in these regions. because of the large amount of the people in these areas, their ecosystems are confronted with huge and serious problems. there are different types of arrangements for preventing destruction of ecosystems around the seas. unified man...

the management and analysis of flood hazards is of great socio- economic and ecological importance as it was estimated that 50 percent of word’s population resides and works within the costal zone till 2030. the management of coastal flood hazard reflects the cumulative effects and criteria more than the human mind can handle effectively. the flood management requires decision making for rela...

sustainable coastal fishing management includes different components and factors. one of the practical initiatives to achieve sustainability is to evaluate or measure different criteria of sustainability and measuring sustainability of each system needs its own indicators. this study aimed to investigate different criteria of sustainable coastal fishing management in beach seine cooperatives (b...

the “driving force - pressure - state - impact – response” modeling framework isadopted to consider the formation mechanisms of environmental risks and the requirements ofecological environment protection. moreover, a systematical index system and evaluation model forthe measurement of the coastal ecological security level is put forward in this paper to assess thestate of coastal ecological en...

Stresses impacting the coastal zone in the Asia-Pacific region are briefly reviewed under the headings of sustainable coastal activities, coastal ecosystem management, community/resource interactions, coastal resource economics and sustainability, coastal area planning, and integrated coastal policies. Recent contributions on mitigation of these stresses are introduced, with emphasis on the Coa...

Anthropogenic activity has a negative impact on many coastal ecosystems, compromising the significant direct and indirect socio-economic benefits provided in these areas. Maintaining activities that depend on coastal zones while preserving the ecological state of the ecosystems represents a management challenge. Management of coastal zones requires scientifically based knowledge, due to the com...

despite the fact that coastal areas are benefiting from verity of biological resources of marine and inland systems, they are exposed to destructive threats from both systems. hence, coastal areas are the most vulnerable sectors in the world. population growth, tourism, urbanization, and industrialization are the most important factors in increasing pressure on the coastal and marine areas. ide...

The NSW Government’s Sea Level Rise Policy Statement, Coastal Planning Guideline: Adapting to Sea Level Rise and Draft Guidelines for Preparing Coastal Zone Management Plans have endorsed the use of a ‘risk assessment approach’ to coastal zone management. The risk assessment framework is used extensively in industry and government as it provides a process for determining sensible management out...