We distinguish between a collective’s goal and a collective goal, concentrating on the latter. Its relations to collective intention and action are spelled out. It is shown how a given goal, when additional predicates are ascribed to it, yields collective goals of increasing complexity. Our main task is to answer the question, “What makes a goal collective?” To this end, we will deal with the n...

taylor argues that procedural liberalism is not viable, or is insensitive to the conditions of social and political possibility, since it cannot justify the political furtherance of common goods. this is because the ontology and epistemology behind it disregard the “transcendental conditions” of human identity and the “dialogical” way of its formation. taylor’s own version of liberalism, on the...

Put in a nutshell, the following view of the nature of communicative action seems worth considering. Communication presupposes a framework of mutual knowledge (at least mutual true beliefs) and assumptions about language (or whatever representational system is used). This underlying level need not contain any knowledge or assumptions about the goals of the users of language, in particular no as...

introduction: universities and their faculty members are responsible for educating students for social responsibilities. if the faculty members are to contribute to the attainment of university and societal goals, they should trust their dean, colleagues, and students. this will facilitate the collective efficacy of faculty members. if faculty members believe in their collective abilities, the ...

There are two key motivators to perform well in a group: making a contribution that (a) is crucial for the group (indispensability) and that (b) the other group members recognize (identifiability). We argue that indispensability promotes setting collective ("We") goals whereas identifiability induces individual ("I") goals. Although both goals may enhance performance, they should align with dif...

Local social interactions among individuals in animal groups generate collective behavior, allowing to adjust changing conditions. Historically, scientists from different disciplines have taken approaches modeling behavior. We describe how each can contribute the goal of understanding natural systems. Simple bottom-up models that and their directly demonstrated local far equilibrium states. How...

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), based on regional and multicultural cooperation, has focused on the improvement of living standards, collective as well as individual prosperity of people and economic development of member’s states. Since February 1992 ECO has been expanded to ten as the result of collapse of the Soviet Union. Of course, gas and oil are very important factors in this re...

Collective Adaptive Systems (CAS) are heterogeneous collections of autonomous task-oriented systems that cooperate on common goals forming a collective system. This class of systems is typically composed of a huge number of interacting agents that dynamically adjust and combine their behaviour to achieve specific goals. This chapter presents CARMA, a language recently defined to support specifi...