Based on data from a survey of biological scientists at 125 American universities, this article explores how the commercialization of the university affects the problems academic scientists pursue and argues that this reorientation of scientific agendas results in a shift from science in the public interest to science for private goods. Drawing on perspectives from Bourdieu on how actors employ...

Information Communication Technology (ICT) industry is going through a bottleneck period and the low success rate of technical commercialization is exactly one of the most important reasons impeding ICT's development. Through data collection and analysis of three ICT enterprises in Guangzhou, 21 risk factors of ICT commercialization are identified with grounded theory and the three-level ICT co...

Recent research on the commercialization of scientific discoveries has emphasized the use of formal intellectual property rights (notably patents) as a mechanism for aligning the academic and entrepreneurial incentives for commercialization. Absent such explicit IPR and licensing, how is such open science commercialized? This paper examines the commercialization of Claude Shannon’s theory of co...

In the biotechnology industry today, there are many business models for project commercialization. These models range from independent vertical integration to certain forms of collaboration with pharmaceutical companies to complete acquisitions of projects by the big pharmaceutical companies. In this thesis, we wanted to study commercialization strategies of several biotechnology companies. We ...

a r t i c l e i n f o The research on research and development (R&D) networks is plentiful but network relations in commercialization of innovations attract surprisingly little attention. This study analyzes how firms combine resources and utilize their relations in order to ensure the success of their innovations. The theoretical basis combines literature on innovation, industrial networks, an...

Video is one of the primary media for content dissemination. However its commercialization success depends on the efficiency of the mechanisms guaranteeing the protection of author rights and the flexibility in the introduction of new commercialization models and value added services. Depending on the dissemination infrastructure different approaches are today available providing a certain leve...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: First product commercialization Resource–capability complementarity New technology ventures Supplier integration The current study extends work on resource-based theory (RBT) by exploring resource—capability complementarity in a new context—that of new technology ventures' (NTVs) first product (FP) commercialization in India. This study examines the influence of ...

One of the major reasons why inventors are awarded patents by governments is they encourage R&D investments and commercialization of inventions. If the patent holder commercializes his invention, he has stronger incentives to retain the patent. The purpose here is to empirically analyze the relationship between commercialization and the renewal of patents. At the same time, I take into account ...

I empirically study the effect of venture capital (VC) on product development and commercialization strategy of start-up organizations. In doing so, I segment entrant commercialization strategies into two camps according to competitive effect: to “cooperate” is to license-out technology or be acquired, while to “compete” is to develop technology independently. Building on the work of Gans, Hsu,...